Income Tax Liability: Concepts and Calculation, written by James Edward Maule, Esq., Professor of Law at Villanova University School of Law, discusses and analyzes the concepts and calculations related to income tax liability.
This Portfolio serves three primary functions for the practitioner. First, the Portfolio explores the scope and fundamental concepts of tax liability. Topics presented include the regular, alternative minimum, and other taxes for individuals, corporations, estates, and trusts; filing status for individuals; excise-type income taxes; and the determination of taxes due and refunds.
Together with gross income, deductions, and credits, tax rates are one of the most fundamental components in the determination of federal income tax liability. Generally, federal income tax liability is determined by multiplying taxable income by the appropriate tax rates. There exist, however, various tax liability computations that are based on other amounts and to which other rates apply; these include the alternative minimum tax, the environmental tax, the accumulated earnings tax, the personal holding company tax, and the self-employment tax. In addition, credit recaptures are added to tax liability even though their computation is not based on the application of tax rates.
Second, the Portfolio explains the rules of the numerous specific provisions subsumed in the broad categories referred to above, including, for example, the rate schedules, maximum capital gains rates, the environmental tax, and changes in tax rates. Generally, tax liability is computed only to the extent a statutory provision specifically so provides. The primary income tax rates and tax computation provisions are set forth in §§1 through 15, but the other provisions are scattered throughout the rest of the Internal Revenue Code. Each of these provisions is described in this Portfolio.
Third, the practitioner can use the Portfolio as a tool for identifying Tax Management Portfolios that provide an in-depth treatment of specific topics discussed herein. Cross references to applicable Portfolios appear in each section of this Portfolio.
Income Tax Liability: Concepts and Calculation allows you to benefit from:
This Portfolio is part of the U.S. Income Portfolios Library, a comprehensive series that includes more than 200 Portfolios, which covers every federal tax topic with expert, in-depth analysis, and offer commentary on a wide range of federal taxation topics, including Compensation Planning, Deductions and Credits, Partnerships and Corporations, Special Pass-Through Entities, Corporate Reorganizations, Real Estate, Procedure and Administration, and more.
Detailed Analysis
I. Introduction
A. Overview
1. The Nature of Income Tax Rates
2. The Concept of Income Tax Liability
3. The Scope of Income Tax Liability
4. The Application of Income Tax Liability Computations
B. Historical Background
1. Introduction
2. Early Federal Income Tax Statutes
a. The First Civil War Income Tax Act
b. The Second Civil War Income Tax Act
c. The Third Civil War Income Tax Act
d. The Reconstruction Era Income Tax Act
e. The Income Tax of 1894
f. The Corporate Excise Tax of 1909
3. Passage of the Sixteenth Amendment
4. Post-Sixteenth Amendment Income Tax Acts
a. Revenue Act of 1913
b. Revenue Act of 1916
c. Revenue Act of 1917
d. Revenue Act of 1918
e. Revenue Act of 1921
f. Revenue Act of 1924
g. Subsequent Statutory Development
(1) Pre-Codification
(2) Internal Revenue Code of 1939
(3) Internal Revenue Code of 1954
(4) Internal Revenue Code of 1986
II. Individual Income Tax Liability
A. The Regular Tax
1. Tax Rates
a. Rate Schedules
(1) In General
(2) Exceptions
(3) Taxable Income
(4) Citizenship and Residency Status
(5) Computation by IRS
(a) In General
(b) Eligible Individuals
(c) Effect of Election
(6) Rebate Accelerating 10% Bracket for 2001
(7) Recovery Rebate for Individuals for 2008
b. Tax Tables
(2) Individuals Who Must Use Tax Tables
c. Inflation Adjustments
(2) Principles Underlying Inflation Adjustments
(3) Cost-of-Living Adjustment
d. Nonresident Aliens
(2) Income from Sources Within the United States
(3) Residents of U.S. Possessions
(4) Expatriated Nonresident Aliens
(a) Pre-June 4, 2004, Rules
(b) June 4, 2004-June 17, 2008, Rules
(c) Post-June 16, 2008, Rules
(5) Rate Doubling
(6) Compensating Adjustments
(a) More Burdensome Taxes Imposed by Foreign Country
(b) Discriminatory Taxes Imposed by Foreign Country
(7) Treaty Obligations
e. Bankrupt Estates
2. Unearned Income of Children
a. In General
b. Applicable Children
c. Applicable Parent
d. Computation of Applicable Child's Tax
(2) Net Unearned Income
(3) Child's Share of Allocable Parental Tax
(a) Allocable Parental Tax
(b) Child's Share
e. Election
3. Maximum Capital Gains Rate
b. Net Capital Gain
c. Tax Liability Computation for Net Capital Gain
(1) Tax Amounts
(2) Adjusted Net Capital Gain
(b) 28% Gain
(c) Unrecaptured § 1250 Gain
(d) Qualified Dividend Income
(3) Impact of § 1231 Recapture Income
d. Treatment of Pass-Through Entity Gain
e. Election to Recognize Unrealized Capital Gain
4. Special Computation for Restoration of Claim of Right Amounts
b. Requirements To Be Met
c. Transactions Excluded from § 1341
d. Application of § 1341
(2) § 1341(a)(4)
(3) § 1341(a)(5)
(b) Repayment in Excess of Income Amount
(c) Decrease in Tax Not Limited by Tax Liability
(d) Adjustments to Tax Liability for Previous Year
(e) Alternative Minimum Tax
e. Special Rules
(1) Inclusions in More Than One Previous Year
(2) Net Operating Losses Arising in Year of Repayment
(3) Net Operating Loss Arising in Previous Year of Inclusion
5. Accumulation Distribution Taxes
b. Disqualified Trusts
c. Accumulation Distributions
d. Computation
(2) Partial Tax
(b) Adjustment for Wealth Transfer Taxes
(c) Special Rules
(3) Interest Charge for Foreign Trusts
6. Advance Earned Income Credit Payments
7. Recapture of Investment Tax Credit
b. Early Disposition Recapture Amounts
c. Progress Expenditure Cessation Recapture Amounts
d. Exceptions
e. Consequences
f. At-Risk Reduction Recapture
8. Recapture of Low-Income Housing Credit
b. Low-Income Housing Recapture Amount
(2) Accelerated Portion of Credit
c. Limitations
d. Individuals in Partnerships
9. Recapture of New Markets Tax Credit
b. New Markets Recapture Amount
10. Recapture of Employer-Provided Child Care Credit
b. Employer-Provided Child Care Recapture Amount
11. Recapture of Qualified Plug-In Electric Drive Low-Speed Vehicle, Motorcycle, and Three-Wheeled Vehicle Credit
b. Qualified Plug-In Electric Drive Low-Speed Vehicle, Motorcycle, and Three-Wheeled Vehicle Recapture Amount
12. Recapture of Education Credits
b. Education Credits Recapture Amount
13. Additional Taxes on Certain Distributions from Annuities and Retirement Plans
a. Tax on Excessive Benefits
b. Tax on Premature Distributions Under Annuity Contracts
c. Tax on Early Distributions from Qualified Retirement Plans
d. Tax on Early Distributions Under Modified Endowment Contracts
14. Additional Tax on Certain Archer Medical Savings Account Distributions
15. Tax on Certain Distributions from Coverdell Education Savings Accounts and Qualified Tuition Programs
16. Tax on Disposal of Federally Subsidized Residence
b. Federally Subsidized Residence Recapture Amount
(2) Federally Subsidized Amount
(3) Holding Period Percentage
(4) Income Percentage
c. Federally Subsidized Indebtedness
e. Reporting Requirement
17. Tax on Disqualified Transfer of Residual REMIC Interest
b. Disqualified REMIC Transfer Tax
c. Disqualified Organization
18. Tax on Certain Deferred Tax Liabilities Arising from Installment Sales
a. Dealer Installment Sales
b. Nondealer Installment Sales
19. Tax Liability Exception for Casualties
a. Members of Armed Forces Killed in Action
b. Federal Employees Killed Under Hostile Circumstances
c. Tax Liability Exception for Astronauts and Victims of Terrorist Attacks
20. Recapture of Alternative Motor Vehicle Credit
21. Recapture of Credit for Installation of Alternative Fueling Stations
22. Additional Tax on Certain Medicare Advantage MSA Distributions
23. Additional Tax on Certain Health Savings Account Distributions
24. Additional Tax With Respect to Certain Deferred Compensation Under Nonqualified Plans
25. Additional Taxes With Respect to Failure to Maintain High Deductible Health Plan Coverage
26. Tax on Recapture of Deduction of Contributions of Fractional Interests in Tangible Personal Property
27. Recapture of First-Time Home-Buyer Credit
B. Filing Status
1. In General
2. Married Filing Jointly
(1) Scope and Computations
(2) Liability
(a) Joint and Several
(b) Innocent Spouse Relief
(i) In General
(ii) Full Relief
(iii) Allocable Relief
(iv) Equitable Relief
b. Election to File Joint Returns
(2) Intention to Make Joint Return
(b) Authorization Given to Other Spouse
(c) Lack of Signature and Authorization
(d) Ratification
(e) Refusal to Sign
(f) Inconsistencies
(g) Accidental Filing of Separate Returns
(3) Limitations
(a) Nonresident Aliens
(b) Different Taxable Years
(c) Decedent Spouses
(4) Joint Return After Filing Separate Returns
(5) Joint Return with Spouse in Missing Status
(6) Failure to File Return
(a) No Correction Before Notice of Deficiency Mailed
(b) After Notice of Deficiency Mailed
(c) After Tax Court Petition Filed
(7) Determination of Marital Status
(b) Separation and Divorce
c. Surviving Spouses
(2) Limitations
(3) Deceased Spouse in Missing Status
3. Head of Household
b. Unmarried
c. Not a Surviving Spouse
d. Maintenance of Household
(2) Household for Qualified Dependent
(3) Household for Parent
(4) Household
e. Furnishing More Than One-Half of Cost of Household
f. Citizen or Resident
4. Unmarried
b. Not Married
c. Exception for Annulment
d. Exception for Certain Spouses Living Apart
(2) Married
(3) No Joint Return
(4) Maintenance of Household
(5) Furnishing More Than One-Half of Cost of Household
(6) Absence of Spouse
5. Married Filing Separate Return
C. The Alternative Minimum Tax
2. Computation
b. Exemption Amount
c. Computation of MACGT
d. Regular Tax
3. AMTI
b. AMT Adjustments for Individuals
(2) Depreciation
(3) Mining Exploration and Development Costs
(4) Income from Certain Long-Term Contracts
(5) Net Operating Loss Deduction
(6) Certified Pollution Control Facility Amortization
(7) Alcohol Fuels Credit Gross Income Inclusion
(8) Itemized Deductions
(9) Circulation Expenditures
(10) Research and Experimental Expenditures
(11) Incentive Stock Options
c. Adjusted Basis for AMT Purposes
d. Items of Tax Preference
(2) Depletion
(3) Specified Private Activity Bond Interest
(4) Accelerated Depreciation and Amortization on Property Placed in Service Before 1987
(5) Partial Exclusion for Gain from Qualified Small Business Stock
4. Other Limitations
a. Disallowance of Farm Losses
b. Disallowance of Passive Activity Losses
D. Self-Employment Taxes
2. Self-Employment Income
3. Net Earnings from Self-Employment
b. Exceptions
(1) Net Rental Income
(2) Dividends
(3) Certain Gains and Losses
(4) Net Operating Losses
(5) Community Property Income
(6) Residents of Puerto Rico
(7) Personal and Dependency Exemption Deduction
(8) Ministers and Members of Religious Orders
(9) Possessions Income Exclusion
(10) Qualified Partnership Retirement Payments
(11) Foreign Earned Income and Housing Cost Amount Exclusion
(12) Deduction for Self-Employment Tax
(13) Limited Partners’ Distributive Shares
(14) Church Employees
(15) Income of Indians
(16) Domestic Production Activities Income
(17) Family Business Tax Simplification
c. De Minimis Rules
4. Trade or Business
(1) Public Officials
(2) Employees
(3) Employee Representatives
(4) Ministers and Members of Religious Orders
(5) Christian Science Practitioner
(6) Members of Certain Religious Faiths
III. Corporate Income Tax Liability
1. Regular Tax Rates
a. Regular Rate Schedules
(2) Phaseout of Lower Brackets
(3) Denial of Lower Brackets
(a) S Corporations
(i) Built-In Gains
(ii) Excess Net Passive Income
(b) Qualified Personal Service Corporations
(c) Corporations Formed to Obtain Benefit of Lower Rates
(d) Nonqualified Capital Construction Fund Withdrawals
(e) REMICs
(4) Bracket Sharing for Controlled Corporate Groups
(5) Limited Application of Tax Rate Schedule
(a) Exempt Organization Unrelated Business Income Tax
(b) Political Organizations
b. Foreign Corporations
(3) Branch Profits Tax
(4) Rate Doubling
(5) Compensating Adjustments
(6) Treaty Obligations
c. Life Insurance Companies
d. Other Insurance Companies
(2) Alternative Computation
(b) Taxable Investment Income
e. Mutual Savings Banks Conducting Life Insurance Business
f. Regulated Investment Companies
g. Real Estate Investment Trusts
h. Homeowners Associations
i. Corporate Tax on Qualifying Shipping Activities Income
2. Alternative Rate on Net Capital Gains
b. Eligible Corporation
c. Net Capital Gain
3. Special Computation for Restoration of Claim of Right Amounts
4. Accumulated Earnings Tax
b. Subject Corporation
(2) Avoiding Income Tax
(3) Reasonable Needs of the Business
c. Accumulated Taxable Income
(2) Adjusted Taxable Income
(b) Taxes
(c) Charitable Contributions
(d) Dividends Received
(e) Net Operating Losses
(f) Net Capital Losses
(g) Net Capital Gains
(h) Capital Loss Carryovers
(3) Dividends Paid Deduction
(b) Liquidating Distributions
(c) Real Estate Investment Trusts
(d) Affiliated Groups
(e) Consent Dividends
(ii) Consent Stock
(iii) Exceptions
(4) Accumulated Earnings Credit
5. Personal Holding Company Tax
c. Undistributed Personal Holding Company Income
(f) Net Capital Gains
(g) Property Expenses and Depreciation
(4) Dividend Carryover
(5) Deduction for Deficiency Dividends
(b) Deficiency Dividend
(c) Determination
(d) Procedure
d. Effect on Dividends Paid Deduction
6. Recapture of Investment Tax Credit
7. Recapture of Low-Income Housing Credit
8. Recapture of New Markets Tax Credit
9. Recapture of Employer-Provided Child Care Credit
10. Recapture of Qualified Plug-In Electric Drive Low-Speed Vehicle, Motorcycle, and Three-Wheeled Vehicle Credit
11. Tax on Disqualified Transfer of Residual REMIC Interest
12. Tax on Certain Deferred Tax Liabilities Arising from Installment Sales
13. Recapture of Alternative Motor Vehicle Credit
14. Recapture of Credit for Installation of Alternative Fueling Stations
B. The Alternative Minimum Tax
b. Regular Tax
c. Exemption Amount
d. Small Corporation Exemption
b. AMT Adjustments for Corporations
(8) Current Earnings Adjustment
(9) Merchant Marine Capital Construction Fund Deductions
(10) Blue Cross, Blue Shield, and Similar Organizations Special Deduction
(3) Intangible Drilling Costs
(4) Specified Private Activity Bond Interest
(5) Accelerated Depreciation and Amortization on Property Placed in Service Before 1987
IV. Estates and Trusts
(4) Limited Application of Tax Rate Schedule
(a) Exempt Trust Unrelated Business Income Tax
b. Inflation Adjustments
c. Foreign Estates and Trusts
(3) Rate Doubling
(4) Compensating Adjustments
(5) Treaty Obligations
d. Bankrupt's Estates
2. Maximum Capital Gains Rate
4. Accumulation Distribution Taxes
5. Recapture of Investment Tax Credit
6. Recapture of Low-Income Housing Credit
7. Recapture of New Markets Tax Credit
8. Recapture of Employer-Provided Child Care Credit
9. Recapture of Qualified Plug-In Electric Drive Low-Speed Vehicle, Motorcycle, and Three-Wheeled Vehicle Credit
10. Tax on Disqualified Transfer of Residual REMIC Interest
11. Tax on Certain Deferred Tax Liabilities Arising from Installment Sales
12. Recapture of Alternative Motor Vehicle Credit
13. Recapture of Credit for Installation of Alternative Fueling Stations
b. AMT Adjustments for Estates and Trusts
(8) Certain Deductions
V. Rate Changes
A. In General
B. Prorated Computations
2. Multiple Rate Changes
3. Impact on Other Income Taxes
4. Joint Returns with Respect to Decedent Spouses
5. Variations in Taxable Year and Method
C. Rate Changes
2. Repeal of Tax
3. Imposition of New Tax
D. Effective Date of Rate Change
E. References to Highest Rates
VI. Nontaxable Organizations
B. Partnerships
VII. Excise-Type Income Taxes
A. Legislative Influencing
1. Excess Lobbying Expenditures Tax
b. Excess Lobbying Expenditures
c. Influencing Legislation
2. Disqualifying Lobbying Expenditures Tax
b. Disqualifying Lobbying Expenditures
c. Disqualified Lobbying Organization
B. Private Foundations
1. Investment Income Excise Tax
b. Computation of Tax
c. Net Investment Income
d. Exception
e. Reduction
2. Self-Dealing Excise Tax
b. Imposition and Computation of Taxes
c. Self-Dealing
d. Taxable Period
e. Self-Dealing Amount
f. Disqualified Person
3. Undistributed Income Excise Tax
c. Undistributed Income
e. Taxable Period
4. Excess Business Holdings Excise Tax
c. Excess Business Holdings
e. Disqualified Person
5. Jeopardy Investment Excise Tax
b. Imposition and Computation of Tax
c. Jeopardy Investment
6. Taxable Expenditure Excise Tax
c. Taxable Expenditure
C. Black Lung Benefit Trusts
1. Self-Dealing Excise Tax
2. Taxable Expenditure Excise Tax
d. Correction
3. Excess Contributions Excise Tax
c. Excess Contribution
d. Treatment of Excess Contribution Withdrawals
D. Public Charity Excise Taxes
1. Political Expenditures
c. Public Charity
d. Manager
e. Political Expenditure
f. Correction
g. Taxable Period
2. Excess Benefit Transactions
c. Excess Benefit Transaction
d. Excess Benefit
e. Applicable Tax-Exempt Organization
g. Organization Manager
h. Taxable Period
i. Correction
E. Qualified Deferred Compensation Plans
1. Minimum Funding Failure Excise Tax
c. Correction
e. Failures Relating to Multiemployer Plans in Endangered or Critical Status
(2) Imposition and Computation of Tax
2. Nondeductible Contribution Excise Tax
c. Qualified Employer Plan
d. Nondeductible Contributions
3. Excess Tax-Favored Account and Annuity Contribution Excise Tax
c. TFAA
d. Excess TFAA Contributions
(1) Individual Retirement Accounts and Annuities
(2) Custodial Accounts Treated as Annuity Contracts
(3) Archer MSAs
(4) Coverdell Education Savings Accounts
(5) Roth IRAs
(6) Health Savings Accounts
4. Excess Accumulation Excise Tax
c. Excess Accumulation
d. Qualified Retirement or Deferred Compensation Plan
5. Prohibited Transaction Excise Tax
c. Prohibited Transactions
d. Qualified Retirement Plan
f. Prohibited Transaction Amount
g. Disqualified Person
6. Disqualified Funded Welfare Benefit Excise Tax
c. Disqualified Benefit
7. Excess Fringe Benefits Excise Tax
c. Applicable Employers
d. Excess Fringe Benefits
8. Disqualified Securities Disposition Excise Tax
(1) Imposition
(2) Computation
c. Exceptions
9. Excess Contributions Excise Tax
c. Qualified Retirement Plan
10. Prohibited Allocations Excise Tax
c. Prohibited Allocation
11. Asset Reversion Excise Tax
b. Imposition and Computation
(2) Increased Tax Rate
(b) Qualified Replacement Plan
(c) Qualified Benefit Increases
(d) Qualified Participant
c. Employer Reversion
(2) Distribution Exceptions
(3) ESOP Exception
(b) Allocation Requirements
d. Qualified Plan
12. Benefit Accrual Reduction Notification Failure Excise Tax
c. Notification Requirements
F. Qualified Investment Entities
1. Undistributed REIT Income Excise Tax
c. Required Distribution
d. Distributed Amount
e. Determination of Income Amounts
2. Undistributed Regulated Investment Company Income Excise Tax
d. Required Distribution
e. Distributed Amount
f. Determination of Income Amounts
3. Prohibited REMIC Transactions Excise Tax
c. Prohibited REMIC Transactions
d. Net Income from Prohibited REMIC Transaction
e. Qualified Liquidation
G. Other Excise Taxes
1. Golden Parachute
c. Excess Parachute Payment
(2) Parachute Payment
(a) Contingent Compensation
(ii) Presumptions
(b) Violative Agreements
(3) Exceptions
(a) Small Business and Similar Corporations
(ii) Shareholder Approval Requirements
(b) Qualified Plan Payments
(4) Base Amount
(5) Base Period
(6) Base Amount Allocated to Parachute Payment
(7) Disqualified Individual
d. Payments
e. Affiliated Groups
2. Nonconforming Health Plan Contributions Excise Tax
c. Nonconforming Group Health Plan
(2) Regular Group Health Plan
(3) Large Group Health Plan
3. Group Health Plan Continuation Coverage Failure Excise Tax
(b) Reasonable Diligence Exception
(c) Exception for Certain Failures Corrected Within Thirty Days
(d) Maximum Daily Tax Limitation
(e) Unintentional Failure Limitation
(f) Waiver by IRS
d. Noncompliance Period
e. Continuation Coverage
(2) Type of Benefit Condition
(3) Period of Coverage Condition
(4) Premium Payment Condition
(b) Applicable Premium
(5) Insurability Condition
(6) Conversion Option Condition
f. Qualified Beneficiary
g. Qualifying Event
h. Election
i. Notices
(1) Continuation Coverage Rights
(2) Qualifying Event Occurrence
(3) Election Rights
j. Covered Employee
4. Long-Term Care Insurance Contract Failure Excise Tax
c. Long-Term Care Insurance Contract Responsibility Failure
d. Long-Term Care Insurance Contract Disclosure Failure
5. Group Health Plan Requirement Failure Excise Tax
(2) Limitations: Undiscovered and Corrected Failures
(3) Overall Limitation: Unintentional Failures
(4) Waiver
(5) Noncompliance Period
c. Small Employer Plan Exception
6. Archer MSA Comparable Contribution Failure Excise Tax
b. Computation
c. Comparable Contribution Requirement
7. Greenmail Excise Tax
c. Greenmail
8. Structured Settlement Payment Rights Factoring Excise Tax
c. Structured Settlement Factoring Transaction
d. Factoring Discount
e. Effective Date
9. Health Savings Account Comparable Contribution Failure Excise Tax
10. Excise Tax on Certain Tax-Exempt Entities Entering into Prohibited Tax Shelter Transactions
b. Disclosure Requirements and Penalties
c. Penalties for Becoming Party to Prohibited Tax Shelter Transaction
(1) Tax-Exempt Entity Level Tax for Certain Tax-Exempt Entities
(2) Tax-Exempt Entity Manager Level Tax
VIII. The Determination of Taxes Due and Refunds
A. Introduction
2. Rounding
b. Computation of Whole Dollars
c. Inapplicability to Computation of Amount Shown on Form
d. Election Not to Use Rounding
B. Additional Income Taxes Due
1. Computation
b. Rounding
c. Abatements
(2) General Abatement Principles
(3) Tax Balances Not Worth Collecting
2. Payment
b. Exception for Taxes Computed by IRS
c. Extensions of Time in Which to Pay
(2) Undue Hardship
(3) Application
d. Manner of Payment
(2) Requirements
(3) Unpaid Checks and Other Payments
(4) Time Payment Deemed Made
(5) Payment in Foreign Currency
(b) Nonconvertible Foreign Currency
(c) Tax Attributable to Nonconvertible Foreign Currency
(d) Filing Requirements
(e) Manner of Paying
3. Receipts
C. Refunds
2. Overpayments
b. Payments After Expiration of Statute of Limitations
c. Nonresident Aliens
3. Offsets
b. Other Federal Tax Liabilities
c. Past-Due Support
(2) Qualified Past-Due Support
d. Past-Due, Legally Enforceable Federal Agency Debts
(2) Federal Agency
(3) Past-Due, Legally Enforceable Debt
(4) OASDI Overpayments
e. Past-Due, Legally Enforceable State Income Tax Obligations
(2) Past-Due, Legally Enforceable Obligations
f. Unemployment Compensation Debts Resulting from Fraud
g. Review of Offsets
h. Injured Spouse Claims
4. Payment of Refund
b. Determination of Payee
(2) Agreed Transfers of Overpayments
(3) Spouses
(a) Joint Return Overpayments
(b) Separate Returns
(4) Insolvent Members of Affiliated Groups
(5) Dissolved Foreign Sales Corporations
c. Limitations on Payment of Refunds
(1) Thirty-Day Refund Reports
(2) Avoidance of State Escheat Laws
d. Payment in Foreign Currency
5. Application to Following Year's Estimated Tax
Working Papers
Table of Worksheets
Worksheet 1 Individual Tax Rate Schedules
Worksheet 2 [Reserved]
Worksheet 3 Self–Employment Tax Bases and Rates
Worksheet 4 Corporate Income Tax Rates
Worksheet 5 Estate and Trust Income Tax Rate Schedules
Worksheet 6 [Reserved]
Worksheet 7 Financial Management Service Debt-Collection and Offset Regulations 31 CFR § § 285.1, 285.2, 285.3, 285.8
Worksheet 8 Notice 2007–35, 2007-15 I.R.B. 940, Common Mistakes on Tax Returns
Bibliography
OFFICIAL
Statutes:
United States Code:
Internal Revenue Code:
Public Laws:
Regulations:
Legislative History:
Treasury Rulings and Procedures:
Cases:
UNOFFICIAL
Periodicals:
1978
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2004
2005
2006