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CADMIUM (7440-43-9)

– Electrical equipment, restrictions

See LEGISLATION, FEDERAL, HR 2420

CAFOs

See CONCENTRATED ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS (CAFOs)

CAIR (CLEAN AIR INTERSTATE RULE)

See ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, AND DISTRIBUTION

CALIFORNIA

– Aboveground storage tanks, energy company files suit to block cleanup order at Los Angeles tank farm (Cal. Super. Ct.), 251
– Air pollution

– – GHG emissions

See GHG emissions, this heading

– – Ozone

See Ozone, this heading

– – San Joaquin Valley

See San Joaquin Valley, this heading

– – SCAQMD

See SOUTH COAST AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT DISTRICT (SCAQMD)

– – VOC emissions from windshield wiper fluid, CSK Auto fine, In Brief, 138

– Asbestos, post-trial ruling allows new trial against gas company, employees alleging improper work practices (9th Cir.), 675
– Bags, advocacy launches public outreach to promote fee on paper, plastic bags, 886
– Beach water monitoring, San Diego County to finance program, In Brief, 793
– Biosolids must meet EPA standards, In Brief, 392
– Brownfields, governor signs bill, 2420
– Budget, legislature passes bill with deep spending cuts, loosens air rules, exempts some transportation projects from environmental review, 454; lawmakers announce tentative agreement, 1795; governor signs bill, law eliminates waste board, 1866
– Carbon sequestration, timber company launches nation's largest project, governor announces at climate summit, 2371
– Carbon tetrachloride, discretionary function exemption bars personal injury claims over exposure while living on former military base (N.D. Cal.), 332
– Carpool lane expansion of Highway 50, settlement requires state to reduce air pollution, climate change impacts (Cal. Super. Ct.), 251
– Cement plant underwent major modification without review, maker settles with emissions reduction, $2M fine (C.D. Cal.), 161
– Climate change

– – Adaptation and mitigation, research finds impacts, costs greater than previously believed, 647
– – Carbon cost fees, state plans to fund implementation of state programs, 1323; air board delays vote, 1580; further delay, In Brief, 1799; air board adopts fees, 2308
– – Environmental justice advocates challenge implementation plan (Cal. Super. Ct.), 1462
– – GHG emissions

See GHG emissions, this heading

– – Governor signs bills, 2420
– – Impacts, report predicts severe environmental, economic impacts, 848
– – Low-carbon fuel standard, air board proposes for transportation sector, 582; board adopts rule, 1018; standard makes ethanol use difficult, Dinneen says, 1086
– – Outlook 2009, SplRpt (1/16/09) S–13
– – Reporting GHGs, air board proposes lowering threshold, 1394
– – Shulock leaves office, In Brief, 403
– – Small businesses cite dire economic consequences of plan, 1732
– – Tetrafluoroethane, Cal. approves program to curb emissions from motor vehicle air conditioners, 250
– – Western regional initiative

See WESTERN CLIMATE INITIATIVE

– Coastal property development permit denial, takings claim not ripe due to lack of final commission ruling (U.S., rev den), 451
– Cosco Busan fuel spill

– – Medication, lack of communication cited in report, In Brief, 438
– – Pilot pleads guilty in San Francisco Bay fuel spill (N.D. Cal.), 566; operating firm pleads guilty, 1187; pilot sentenced to prison, 1784; operating firm settles criminal charges with $10M, 2016
– – State sues owners, operators, and pilot for cleanup costs, natural resources damages (Cal. Super. Ct.), 80

– Desalination plant planned for Carlsbad, groups' challenge to discharge permit rejected (Cal. Super. Ct.), 1197
– Diesel emissions

– – ARRA grants to fund 8 emissions reduction projects, 1661; Jackson announces funding, 2372
– – Fleet operations face fines, In Brief, 793
– – Large marine engines, EPA extended deadline on standards upheld (D.C. Cir.), 322
– – Loan guarantee program to help truckers finance equipment to comply with new rules, 785
– – Off-road industrial equipment, air board eases standards, 1860
– – Ports

See PORTS

– – Vehicle inspections, Fresno to purchase new vehicles, pay fine to settle violations, 2024
– – Waste haulers fined for violations of state rules, 2532

– Diesel fuel spill at refueling station (N.D. Cal.), In Brief, 2578
– Dredging and filling, tugboat manager charged with dumping materials (N.D. Cal.), 1722; firm settles charges with $1.5M, 2250
– Drinking water, counties have no duty to require public notification of contamination (Cal.), 1581
– Economic stimulus funds to be used to launch green jobs program for youth, 647
– Electric power generation

– – Gas turbines, Bay Area officials include GHG emissions cap in draft permit, 1580
– – Los Angeles mayor vows to eliminate reliance on coal-generated power by 2020, 1664

– Electricity transmission

– – Smart grid funding, governor seeks tenfold increase in federal cap, 1086
– – Sunrise Powerlink, state commission approves, 35; environmental group challenges approval (Cal.), 250

– Electronic waste exports to Hong Kong illegal, EPA complaint says, 2120
– Emissions trading

– – Cap-and-trade programs, state sets up advisory committee to evaluate strategies, 1265
– – Forest projects, air board updates accounting to measure carbon benefits, 2308

– Endangered species

– – American pika

– – – Listing, Fish and Wildlife Serv. agrees to consider, advocates cite threat from climate change (E.D. Cal.), 396; FWS launches review of climate change impacts, 1084
– – – State's rejection of petition to protect, environmental group files suit (Cal. Super. Ct.), 2532

– – Arroyo toad threatened by water level changes due to Pyramid Dam, review denied (9th Cir.), 1790
– – Bighorn sheep, final rule reduces critical habitat designation, 951; environmental groups challenge designation (S.D. Cal.), 2418
– – Blue whales, environmental group threatens suit over failure to implement recovery plan, 1968
– – Central Valley Project impact on Chinook salmon

– – – Reconsultation requests unanswered, governor asks Obama administration to help resolve crisis, 2148; White House to lead effort to resolve crisis, DOI says, 2301
– – – Water pumping operations must be changed, biological opinion concludes, 1390; environmental groups seek to join legal battle by agricultural water users seeking to overturn opinion (E.D. Cal.), 2073; water agency, users challenge opinion (E.D. Cal.), 2144

– – Chinook salmon

– – – Central Valley Project

See Central Valley Project impact on Chinook salmon, this subheading

– – – Sacramento River fishing restrictions, In Brief, 884

– – Delta smelt

– – – Conservation groups threaten to sue for failing to take final action on listing petition, 716
– – – State lawmakers begin hearings on bill to overhaul management of water resources, 2531; lawmakers pass bills, 2584
– – – Water districts challenge biological opinion (E.D. Cal.), 507; water allocation contracts upheld, environmental group claims rejected, 1006; injunction prevents flow restrictions, 1322; court reconsiders ruling, leaves water pacts intact, 1968

– – Longfin smelt, conservation groups threaten to sue for failing to take final action on listing petition, 716; listing rejected, In Brief, 884
– – Pesticide impacts in San Francisco Bay area, industry groups oppose proposed settlement (N.D. Cal.), 1729; EPA extends comment period, 1791
– – Safe-harbor agreements, governor signs bill, 2420
– – Tiger salamander

– – – Critical habitat designation, Fish and Wildlife Serv. to reconsider (N.D. Cal.), 1138
– – – Future habitat loss poses threat (9th Cir.), 883

– Energy efficiency, state revises standards for new TVs, 299; energy regulators propose mandatory active mode standards, 2259
– Environmental agency reorganization, governor plans to close budget gap, 1199
– Environmental impact assessments, governor signs bill exempting football stadium from review, 2531
– Fuel economy, rule requires auto repair shops to check tire pressure, 785
– GHG emissions

– – Fuel surcharge, price floor could help state reduce emissions, economist says, 193
– – Impact analysis, state proposes guidelines for projects, development, 132
– – Semiconductor manufacturing, CARB approves limits, 506
– – Vehicle emissions

See Vehicle emissions, this heading

– Gold mining, environmental protections no NAFTA violation against Canadian firm, 1371
– Groundwater contamination, cotton grower awarded $8.5M in trespass claim (Cal. Super. Ct.), 1524
– Hazardous waste

– – Groundwater contamination, inability to develop property cognizable injury, nuisance, trespass claims may proceed (N.D. Cal.), 2064
– – Hauling rental company resolves violations with $2M (Cal. Super. Ct.), 2076
– – Property owners complaint under RCRA too general, suit against ExxonMobil dismissed (N.D. Cal.), 2121
– – Solid waste disposal facility illegally operated on Indian land, $45.1M judgment upheld (9th Cir.), 2122
– – State sues Target Corp., settles suit with Kmart (Cal. Super. Ct.), 1463

– Heavy-duty engines, air board revises onboard diagnostics rule for trucks, buses, 1322
– Hexavalent chromium

– – Discharges, plaintiff need not demonstrate waste levels exceed standards during pleading stage of RCRA suit (C.D. Cal.), 2521
– – Drinking water, agency proposes public health goal, 2076

– High-speed rail project, environmental review inadequate (Cal. Super. Ct.), 2148
– Insurance, notice requirement in buy back clause upheld, insurer owes no coverage to oil company (Cal. Ct. App.), 1663
– Jet fuel tank farm owners settle CWA violations with $1M in containment measures to protect San Francisco Bay, 2470
– Klamath River dam removal

– – Agreement deadline extended, 1657; parties announce draft agreement, 2306
– – Relicensing, FERC to consider discontinuation of process at meeting, 78

– Lead wheel weights, governor signs bill, 2420
– Logging operations, Champs timber project blocked, Forest Serv. must conduct new impact assessment (E.D. Cal.), 1964
– Medical waste, governor signs bill, 2420
– Methamphetamine labs, governor signs cleanup bill, 2420
– Mexican border areas

See MEXICO-U.S. BORDER ENVIRONMENT

– Motor vehicle parts

– – Aftermarket catalytic converters not certified for sale, In Brief, 1588
– – Windshields, air board approves cool car standards, 1580

– National forests and grasslands

– – Land management planning proceeds as environmentalists challenge framework rule (N.D. Cal.), 1387; planning rule vacated and remanded, 1656
– – Roadless areas, management plans for 4 S. Cal. forests flawed (N.D. Cal.), 2368

– New River cleanup, governor signs bill designating council, 2421
– Offshore oil and gas extraction

– – Leasing, leaders urge Salazar to forego issuing drilling leases, 947
– – Santa Barbara County coast, state rejects drilling proposal, 299; governor seeks approval to close budget gap, 1199; lawmakers defeat bill allowing new offshore drilling, 1859

– Oil spill prevention plans, governor signs bill, 2420
– Operating permits, tank farm settles false compliance report allegations with $2.5M (N.D. Cal.), 1697
– Outlook 2009, SplRpt (1/16/09) S–13; SplRpt (1/16/09) S–14
– Ozone

– – Nonattainment designations, CARB to recommend 6 new areas, 506
– – San Joaquin Valley

See San Joaquin Valley, this heading

– Park project design altered, environmental group challenges existing EIS (Cal. Super. Ct.), 887
– Particulate matter, San Joaquin Valley attainment designation

See San Joaquin Valley, this heading

– Perchlorate in drinking water, Riverside sues multiple companies (Cal. Super. Ct.), 836
– Perchloroethylene in groundwater, Modesto wins $18.3M product liability judgment (Cal. Super. Ct.), 1264
– Pesticides

– – Endangered species impacts in San Francisco Bay area, industry groups oppose proposed settlement (N.D. Cal.), 1729; EPA extends comment period, 1791
– – Fumigants, advocates sue state over revised rules easing emissions limits (Cal. Super. Ct.), 1395

– Plumas Natl. Forest, Forest Serv. failed to vet firefighting options, logging restrictions at 3 sites left in place (9th Cir.), 2019
– Real property, subsurface hazardous contamination concealed, as is provision in contract no bar to lawsuit (Cal. Ct. App.), 1662
– Recycling, San Francisco building owners must participate in programs, 1525
– Refineries

– – Clean fuel violations, facility fined $1M, 1264
– – Environmental impact assessment fails to address GHG emissions, other potential impacts of facility expansion (Cal. Super. Ct.), 1394

– Renewable energy

– – Electricity generation plan ambitious, costly, report says, 1463
– – Feed-in tariffs, utility commission proposes auction to boost small-scale renewable energy projects, 2147
– – Mandate, governor vetoes bills, 2420
– – Portfolio, governor directs Air Board to adopt 33 percent standard, 2209
– – Public lands, MOU between governor, DOI head agrees to expedite siting and permitting of projects, 2407

– Retail supercenter's EIS failed to assess climate impact, approval set aside (Cal. Super. Ct.), 1198
– Road construction through state park and land conservancy, NOAA upholds denial of permit by Coastal Comm'n, 31
– Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, lawmakers begin hearings on water management, 2531; lawmakers pass bills, 2584
– Sacramento-San Joaquin River System tops 2009 endangered rivers list, 835
– San Joaquin Valley

– – Coarse particles, environmental groups challenge EPA attainment designation, oral arguments scheduled (9th Cir.), 96; EPA determination affirmed, 469
– – Dust from farms, EPA decisions on particulate matter control rule upheld (9th Cir.), 534
– – Ozone standards

– – – Attainment plan, EPA rejects due to withdrawal of RACT component, 95; EPA proposes approval of key elements of plan, 1695
– – – Environmentalists sue EPA to force final action on nonattainment rules (N.D. Cal.), 54

– Semiconductor manufacturing, CARB approves rules limiting GHG emissions, 506
– Solar energy

– – Desert projects, Feinstein (D-Cal) seeks sensitive area protections, 1167
– – Loan guarantee award to panel maker first under DOE accelerated plan, Chu says, 683; DOE approves $535M loan guarantee, 2107
– – San Diego leading solar city in state, report says, 1796

– Solid waste haulers sue county to overturn restriction on trash imports (E.D. Cal.), 2296
– South Coast Air Quality Management District

See SOUTH COAST AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT DISTRICT (SCAQMD)

– Supercomputer center at Lawrence Livermore Natl. Lab., injunction delays construction due to lack of environmental review (N.D. Cal.), 825
– Superfund

– – Aerojet manufacturing facility, Sacramento County files suit over groundwater contamination (E.D. Cal.), 1651
– – B.F. Goodrich site in Rialto, EPA NPL listing, 2243
– – Brown & Bryant facility

– – – Arranger liability, joint and several liability appropriate where court unable to divide harm (U.S., oral arg), 426; (rvs and rem), 1059; opinion new path to fairness, lawyers tell seminar, 1178; science role in CERCLA diminished by decision, Analysis and Perspective, 1205; decision changes CERCLA landscape, Analysis and Perspective, 1979
– – – Railroads agree to replace drinking water well, 280

– – Cooper Drum Site, EPA orders 43 parties to clean up site, 430
– – Insurance, state can stack policies in Stringfellow Site case (Cal. Ct. App.), 131
– – Iron Mountain Mine, EPA releases economic stimulus funds for cleanup, 870
– – Lawrence Livermore Natl. Lab., DOE faces penalties for failure to resume cleanup, 60; DOE resumes cleanup, will pay fine, 824
– – McClellan Air Force Base, partial cleanup plan approval, In Brief, 1775
– – McColl Site, oil companies entitled to damages, interest for cleanup of waste from manufacture of aviation fuel for military during WWII (Fed. Cl.), 821
– – Palos Verdes Shelf site, EPA to hold meetings to discuss DDT, PCB containment plan, 1437; EPA announces $50M cleanup plan, 2356
– – Proportionate share appropriate method of settlement credit in perchloroethylene cleanup (E.D. Cal.), 328
– – Remco Hydraulics Facility, other lawsuits do not constitute notice of cause of injury (N.D. Cal.), 2517
– – Rialto-Colton groundwater basin, challenge of pattern and practice for unilateral administrative order rejected (9th Cir.), 2008
– – San Gabriel Valley site, Puente Valley Operable Unit, aerospace contractor, 40 other parties agree to pay $21M on groundwater cleanup, 2123
– – Santa Clara Valley groundwater recharging costs not recoverable as response costs (N.D. Cal.), 2060
– – Sewer leaked contaminants, city may be liable as owner/operator (E.D. Cal.), 2190
– – Shipyard Sediment Site, San Diego seeks recovery costs from Navy, shipbuilders, utility (S.D. Cal.), 2477
– – Shooting range suit not ripe, consumer product exception avoided (9th Cir.), 1841
– – Southern Calif. Edison Visalia Pole Yard, EPA proposes removal from NPL, 1843
– – Stringfellow Acid Pits, concurrent causation requires insurers to pay all indivisible damage-related costs (Cal.), 581
– – Vadose zone model, EPA must release model used to assess perchlorate contamination (D.D.C.), 231

– Sustainable communities, Obama announces technical assistance project selection, 2255
– Timber sales

– – Forest management, lawmakers suggest legislation may be necessary to allow pilot program to move forward, 1261
– – Harvesting plans, governor signs bill, 2420
– – National forests, actual and imminent threat required for injunctive relief (U.S., rev'd in part), 501

– Toxics control agency director Gorsen resigns, In Brief, 510
– Underground storage tanks, state joins county suit to force truck stop compliance (Cal. Super. Ct.), 886
– Vapor intrusion, state releases guidance to prevent VOCs from entering buildings, 1019
– Vehicle emissions

– – Administration proposes federal limits, state officials want loopholes closed, 2514
– – Automotive industry, impacts of GHG waiver

– – – Dealers urge administration to examine economic impact of granting waiver, 219
– – – Standards revisions gives automakers promised flexibility, 2309
– – – Technology to comply with state GHG standards exists, air board officials tell EPA at hearing, 549

– – Onboard diagnostics, air board fines Nissan over faulty monitors, 954
– – Waiver request to regulate GHGs

– – – CAA, granting waiver could lead to regulation, attorney says, 218
– – – Chamber of Commerce, automobile dealers challenge EPA approval (D.C. Cir.), 2182; 18 states file motion to intervene, 2399
– – – Deadline on review of denial, continuing appropriations provisions

See LEGISLATION, FEDERAL, HR 1105

– – – EPA grants request, 1551
– – – Obama directs EPA to review ruling, 217
– – – Outlook 2009, SplRpt (1/16/09) S–11
– – – Public hearing and comment period, EPA announces, 323
– – – Reevaluation of EPA denial sought by state, 194
– – – State suit to force EPA to grant waiver, Mich. files brief in support of automakers (D.C. Cir.), 220

– Washing machines, DOE must consider request for water efficiency standards waiver (9th Cir.), 2530
– Wastewater and wastewater treatment

– – Beverage bottler agrees to $7.6M fine to settle alleged discharge violations, 351
– – Coyote Creek discharges, fines, In Brief, 1257
– – CWA waiver, San Diego may negotiate agreement with environmental groups for support, 252; state denies request, 2024; city reapplies for waiver, 2259; commission grants fourth waiver, 2422
– – Discharge permits

– – – Escondido faces $1.3M fine for violations, 193
– – – Marin County sewerage agency to pay $1.6M to settle alleged illegal discharges into Richardson Bay, 887

– – Metal coating company dumped waste into sewer system, insurer has no duty to defend absent showing of sudden and accidental release (Cal. Ct. App.), 1732
– – Methane, San Diego city contract to sell gas and purchase resulting energy approved, 1582
– – San Francisco Bay, utility district agrees to limit wet weather sewage discharges (N.D. Cal.), 178

– Water resources

– – Desalination plant planned for Carlsbad, groups' challenge to discharge permit rejected (Cal. Super. Ct.), 1197
– – Drought, House panel members argue for flexibility in laws, 778

– Watershed-based cleanup plans

– – Environmental, fishing groups allege state, regional regulators failing to develop detailed plans for Northern Cal. rivers and streams (Cal. Super. Ct.), 351
– – Governor signs bill, 2420

CAMR (CLEAN AIR MERCURY RULE)

See MERCURY (7439-97-6), subheading: Electric power plant emissions

CANADA

– Carbon sequestration, agency commits $114M for 8 projects, 761
– Clean energy, Obama, Harper announce initiative, 445; talks focus on GHG emissions, transmission grid, oil sands emissions peripheral issue, 504
– Climate change, group urges government take lead in forming joint policy with U.S., 15; Canada may delay policy implementation to coordinate with U.S. initiatives, 1294
– Emissions trading

– – Cap-and-trade system to replace intensity-based emission targets, minister says, 225
– – Carbon offsets, standards group amends rules to ease use, 1837

– Gold mining, environmental protections imposed by Cal., U.S. no NAFTA violation, 1371
– Great Lakes

See GREAT LAKES

– NAFTA

See NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT (NAFTA)

– Oil sands producer faces criminal charges in bird deaths from tailings exposure, 334
– Ozone-depleting substances, environment agency to regulate collection, disposal of unwanted substances, 1351
– Smelter slag removal from Columbia River beach, In Brief, 1799
– 2009 budget includes funds for clean energy technology, other environmental support, 225
– Vehicle emissions, government seeks to mirror U.S. GHG standards, 820
– VOCs in consumer products, government sets concentration limits, 1699
– Western Climate Initiative, Quebec participation bill, In Brief, 1173

CANCER

– Cameron, Mo. soil, water tests show no danger, In Brief, 389

CARBON (7440-44-0)

– Arctic warming, study attributes to increased black carbon emissions, 819
– Endangerment finding should address black carbon, Jacobsen tells EPA at hearing, 1168; environmental groups seek black carbon regulation in comments on endangerment finding, 1637
– Environmental groups meet to discuss ways to reduce climate change impacts of black carbon, 551
– Reduction of black carbon emissions could offset warming effects immediately, study says, 2055
– Sources of black carbon, Carper (D-Del)-Inhofe (R-Okla) bill requires identification, emissions reduction, 912; further action, see LEGISLATION, FEDERAL, S 849
– Study of effects of black carbon on climate change, appropriations

See LEGISLATION, FEDERAL, HR 2996

– Wyo sagebrush areas, USDA researchers launch study, 1709

CARBON DIOXIDE (124-38-9)

– Climate change, generally

See CLIMATE CHANGE

– Economic downturn and expected recovery linked to rise and fall of emissions, EIA outlook predicts, 1948
– Electric power plant emissions

– – Emissions fell 2.8 percent in 2008, EIA reports, 1242
– – Permit requirements

– – – Environmental groups plan to challenge EPA interpretation saying emissions no consideration in decisions, 12; groups file suit (D.C. Cir.), 166
– – – Reversal of EPA interpretation saying emissions need no consideration in decisions, Boxer (D-Cal) asks Att'y General Mukasey to intervene, 13

– Emissions to rise 39 percent by 2030 as energy demand increases, EIA predicts, 1241
– Endangerment finding, GHGs

See PUBLIC HEALTH

– Ethanol production, repeal of indirect emissions analysis requirement

See LEGISLATION, FEDERAL, HR 2409, S 1148

– Hospital emissions cuts, New York City plan, In Brief, 1268
– Impact on temperature, rainfall largely irreversible, NOAA study finds, 223
– Northeastern states, Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative

See REGIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INITIATIVE (RGGI)

– PSD permits, EPA to reconsider memo saying gas is not regulated pollutant under CAA, 376; EPA close to approving proposal on emissions limits, 2050; EPA sends proposed rule to OMB for review, 2102; EPA sends proposal to reverse memo to OMB for review, 2177; EPA proposal requires large stationary sources to control GHG emissions, 2281; EPA publishes proposed rule, In Brief, 2351; EPA seeks suggestions on applying CAA to GHG emissions, 2400; comment period opens, 2508
– Sequestration

See CARBON SEQUESTRATION

– Tax

See CLIMATE CHANGE

– 2009 emissions expected to fall due to recession, DOE reports, 2109

CARBON MONOXIDE (630-08-0)

– Exposure often highest in passenger vehicles, EPA finds, 2495
– Furnace emissions, pollution exclusion bars personal injury claims (5th Cir.), 1024
– NAAQS

– – Compliance, EPA reports few violations of current standard between 2005 and 2007, 2222
– – Risk assessment, EPA prepares methodology report, 862

CARBON SEQUESTRATION

– Cal. timber company launches nation's largest project, governor announces at climate summit, 2371
– Canada

– – Agency commits $114M for 8 projects, 761
– – 2009 budget includes funding for technology development, 225

– Charcoal derived from biomass could play role, Vilsack tells conference, 1947
– China power company, Duke Energy consider pact on projects, 1946
– Climate change bill, Waxman (D-Cal)-Markey (D-Mass) draft includes funding, 745
– Coal-fired power plants

– – Cooperative receives $300M USDA loan for demonstration project, 169
– – Fees to fund technology development, Boucher (D-Va) plans to reintroduce bill to raise $10B over next 10 years, 541
– – Grants, DOE announces $408M for projects at 2 plants, 1639

– Deployment funding

– – ARRA funding, DOE announces $2.4B, 1164
– – Early deployment

See LEGISLATION, FEDERAL, HR 1689, S 1134

– – Senate approves fund as amendment to FY2010 budget resolution, 807

– Drinking water protection, EPA to seek additional comment, 2000; EPA seeks comment on flexibility measures, releases additional information, 2051
– Forests

– – Cal. air board updates accounting to measure benefits, 2308
– – Incentive program

See LEGISLATION, FEDERAL, S 1576

– FutureGen plant

See CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY

– Geological storage

– – Formation potential, USGS develops assessment methodology, 618
– – Inconsistent regulations may hinder efforts, study says, 928
– – Large-scale project funding

See LEGISLATION, FEDERAL, S 1013

– – Site selection, DOI recommends criteria, 1292

– Kyoto Protocol successor agreement, proposals address accounting issues, 2341
– Liability

See LEGISLATION, FEDERAL, S 1502

– Midwest partnership injection test at Ky. generating station successful, DOE reports, 2454
– Mont. governor urges legislature to reconsider bill to establish rules, 301; governor signs bills on pore space ownership rights, pipelines, 1202
– N.D. legislature passes bill, 650
– Outlook 2009, SplRpt (1/16/09) S–9
– Permafrost carbon release from thawing to outpace vegetation growth, study predicts, 1295
– Pilot projects moving forward, continued support needed as technology moves closer to commercialization, researchers say, 1425
– Underground injection control, Outlook 2009, SplRpt (1/16/09) S–27
– W. Va. issues first permit, 1091

CARBON TETRACHLORIDE (56-23-5)

– Ambient concentration regularly exceeds EPA health thresholds, study finds, 1046
– Military base reuse, discretionary function exemption bars personal injury claims over alleged exposure (N.D. Cal.), 332

CARCINOGENS

See specific substances

CEMENT KILNS

– Coal processing plants, EPA proposes stricter NSPS for particulate matter, 1229; EPA publishes final rule, 2326
– Dry kiln cement, company sues Tex. city over ordinance favoring “green” cement (E.D. Tex.), 1917
– Mercury emissions from existing sources

See MERCURY (7439-97-6)

– Monitoring, Colo. plant settles state air violations with fine, 583
– New source review

– – Cal. plant underwent major modification without review, maker settles with emissions reduction, $2M fine (C.D. Cal.), 161
– – Lyons Cement Plant, Colo.

– – – Environmental group petitions EPA to object to permit, EPA orders state to justify operating permit, 1141
– – – Major modification performed without review, EPA files suit (C.D. Cal.), 161

– Portland cement plant NSPS, attorneys' fees award upheld (9th Cir.), 1413

CEQ

See COUNCIL ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY (CEQ)

CERTIFICATES AND CERTIFICATION

– Energy efficiency, IRS issues guidance for residential products eligible for tax credits, 919
– Ships, air pollution certificates, In Brief, 1625

CFCs

See CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS (CFCs)

CHEMICAL WEAPONS

– Dugway Proving Grounds, DOD preliminary actions bar property owners' suit to expedite cleanup (U.S., rev den), 765
– Incineration, challenge to disposal plan in 4 states rejected (D.D.C.), 2011
– Pueblo Chem. Depot, federal law preempts state imposition of earlier deadline for destruction (D. Colo.), 2310

CHEMICALS AND CHEMICAL INDUSTRY

– Amino and phenolic resins, landfill emissions at Conn. plant excessive, 2496
– Discharge permits

– – Bayer agrees to $1M fine after violations lead to inspection of W. Va. plant, 503
– – Shell agrees to pay $1.3M to settle violations at P.R. plant (D.C. P.R.), 119

– Dow Chem., dioxin contamination of Tittabawassee River near Midland, Mich.

See DIOXINS

– Equipment leaks of VOCs, optical scanner use, In Brief, 11
– Excessive emissions, maker agrees to pay fine for Tex. air quality violations, 1266
– Hazardous waste

See generally HAZARDOUS WASTE

– Homeland security reauthorization

– – Administration seeks one-year extension of temporary rules, Reitinger tells House hearing, 1452; further action, see LEGISLATION, FEDERAL, HR 2892
– – Congressional committees work to develop bill before interim rules expire, 572; draft bill contains inherently safer technology provision, covers water utilities, 945; utilities oppose split jurisdiction between wastewater and drinking water treatment, 1377; markup nears completion, 1388; further action, see LEGISLATION, FEDERAL, HR 2868
– – Industry groups ask for continuation of standards without change, 573

– Manufacturing area sources, EPA finalizes NESHAP, 2438; EPA publishes final rule, 2498
– Mononitrotoluene release, Miss. manufacturer settles charges related to explosion (S.D. Miss.), 2048
– Nitric acid plants, environmental groups sue to force review of emissions NSPS (D.D.C.), 320
– NSR, EPA final rule excludes some fugitive emissions from calculations, 8; environmental group challenges rule, petitions Jackson to stay rule (D.C. Cir.), 414; EPA to reconsider rule, 973; EPA stays rule, 2279
– Organic chemicals maker agrees to pay fine for Tex. air violations, 1146
– Outlook 2009, SplRpt (1/16/09) S–36; SplRpt (1/16/09) S–36
– Preparation facility area sources, EPA proposes NESHAP, 1877
– Risk management plans

See RISK MANAGEMENT PLANS

– Wastewater treatment, company president, manager sentenced for dumping wastes into Ill. sewer system (N.D. Ill.), 339

CHESAPEAKE BAY

– Bacteria, pathogens pose human health risks, report finds, 1650
– Blue crab population decline due to habitat damage, overfishing, study finds, 24
– Cleanup, Cardin (D-Md) calls on EPA administrator nominee to provide leadership, 122
– Coal tar pavement dressings and sealants, D.C. ban, In Brief, 1671
– EPA program, Jackson appoints Fox to lead efforts, 565
– Foundation files suit to force EPA to ensure cleanup, restoration by 2015 (D.D.C.), 71; suit stayed pending renewed federal cleanup effort, 2303
– LNG terminals in critical area, FERC approves proposed Baltimore facility despite state, local opposition, 191
– Md. budget proposal includes $25M for restoration fund, 253; allocation reduced to $10M, 889
– Nutrient TMDL, EPA website to track development, 2068
– Permitting, EPA weighs new processes among other options, Fox says at briefing, 875
– Pesticide pollution may be harming watershed, study finds, 1900
– Restoration

– – Adaptive management

See LEGISLATION, FEDERAL, HR 1053

– – Attainability study dropped, regulators agree to push for full restoration, 1072
– – Clean Water Act reauthorization, Oberstar (D-Minn) intends to push passage in House, 2250
– – Discharge permits, EPA adviser says changes to restrictions stemming from Tributaries Strategy unlikely, 2200
– – Environmental group calls for legislation, regulation, and enforcement efforts in report, 2412
– – Health of bay remains poor after 25 years, officials say more aggressive initiatives under way, 707
– – Land use, not waterways, should be focus of efforts, N.Y. official says, 340
– – Md. trust fund reduced to $8M due to spending cuts, 1862
– – National treasure, Obama's executive order establishes new federal strategies, 1124; Cardin (D-Md) releases details of draft bill adding force of law to executive order, 2132; further action, see LEGISLATION, FEDERAL, HR 3852, S 1816
– – NOAA office reauthorization

See LEGISLATION, FEDERAL, HR 1771

– – State implementation plan model could result in more effective regulation, Cardin (D-Md) says at field hearing, 941; state officials support mandate for plans at Senate hearing, 1900
– – States could face strict pollution reduction accountability as part of watershed protection plan, Jackson says, 2199; states express concerns, 2524; EPA expects states to accelerate cleanup efforts, 2577
– – TMDL, EPA seeks input on development for nutrients, sediment, 2201
– – USDA funds, In Brief, 179

– Sparrows Point steel mill site, group intends to sue EPA, Md. to force cleanup, 1306
– Trail designations

See LEGISLATION, FEDERAL, S 479

CHILDREN'S HEALTH

– Addressing environmental problems priority under Obama administration, Jackson says, 574
– Air toxics, class action claim falls under federal jurisdiction (N.D. Ind.), 2497
– Asthma, university receives grant to study effects of highway air pollution, 1624
– Hazardous air pollutants

– – Class actions, Ind. parents file lawsuit against 11 companies (Ind. Cir. Ct.), 789
– – Schools

See EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

– Pesticides, Outlook 2009, SplRpt (1/16/09) S–40
– Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, prenatal exposure linked to lower IQ in young children, study finds, 1751
– Radiation, reference man benchmark outdated, report says, 113

CHINA

– Air quality, U.S. embassy publishes readings at odds with official Beijing readings, 1544
– Clean coal technology, international energy agency urges development of new technologies to reduce air pollution, GHG emissions, 929
– Clean energy, Clinton announces U.S. agreement to develop, deploy technology, 446; parties agree to establish research coordination center, 1710; parties sign several agreements, 2560
– Climate change, cooperation with U.S. needed on energy technology, emissions reduction, report says, 326; Clinton announces agreement to develop, deploy technology, 446; Pelosi (D-Cal) calls for partnership during visit to China, 1238; witnesses call on U.S. to take lead role at Senate hearing, 1361; parties agree to establish research coordination center, 1710; parties sign MOU, 1824
– Economic growth top priority, not curbing GHG emissions, ambassador says, 326
– Electric power company considers pact with Duke Energy on emissions control, carbon sequestration, renewables, 1946
– Kyoto Protocol successor agreement

– – President pledges steps to address climate change including efforts to reduce emissions at U.N. summit, 2230
– – U.S. envoy calls for significant emissions reduction measures, 1288; Kerry (D-Mass) says China, U.S. hold keys to success in Copenhagen, 1431; Stern says U.S. expects China to reduce emissions, but not below set baseline, 1432; U.N. chief says China wants Copenhagen agreement, 1826

– Steel industry, lax pollution standards yield disproportionate pollution, U.S. report says, 694
– Sustainable development, U.S. collaboration on building efficiency, sustainable cities, 1764

CHLOR-ALKALI PLANTS

– Mercury bans

See LEGISLATION, FEDERAL, HR 2065, HR 2190

CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS (CFCs)

– Allowances, EPA proposes 63 ton allocation for inhaler makers in 2009, 163; final rule, In Brief, 1488

CHROMIUM (VI)

See HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM (18540-29-9)

CHROMIUM AND COMPOUNDS

– Superfund, listing as hazardous substance not overly broad, party may be liable for soil contamination (W.D. Mich.), 1955

CITIZEN SUITS

– Hazardous waste

See HAZARDOUS WASTE

– Mining-related discharges, citizen CWA suit barred as challenge to ongoing cleanup (W.D. Wash.), 1368
– Mountaintop mining, suit not precluded by ongoing state prosecution (S.D. W.Va.), 2080
– NSPS, opacity suit against fossil-fuel fired power plant dismissed due to state enforcement (D. Del.), 1815
– PFOA contamination class action, N.J. resident cannot later cure failure to give advance notice of claim (D.N.J.), 890
– Sanitary sewer overflows, dismissal of suit against Milwaukee sewerage district upheld (7th Cir.), 390
– State consent orders shield polluters from federal suits, attorney tells conference, 653
– Stormwater management, environmental group's catalyst theory argument to establish substantially prevailing party rejected (5th Cir.), 25
– Superfund

– – Financial responsibility, EPA must publish list of industries affected (N.D. Cal.), 488; EPA says hardrock mining top priority, 1713; EPA has discretion to promulgate and implement regulations affecting operators, 1953; EPA plans to propose hardrock mining rule by spring 2011, 2188
– – Forest Serv. pre-cleanup steps bar Clean Water Act suit, government argues (W.D. Wash.), 557
– – Fort Meade site, Md. files suit to force Army compliance with cleanup order (D. Md.), 18; Cardin (D-Md) says cleanup agreement should be signed this summer, 870; EPA, agencies reach agreement on cleanup process, 1503; state withdraws suit citing binding agreement, 2533
– – Informal EPA concurrence with state's proposed investigation, study sufficient to bar suit (E.D.N.Y.), 279

– Upset emissions at Deer Park refinery, Shell Oil settles suit with $5.8M penalty (S.D. Tex.), 976

CLASS ACTIONS

– Air toxics, school children exposure claim falls under federal jurisdiction (N.D. Ind.), 2497
– Animal waste management, Ky. suit over odor from pig farms remains in federal court (W.D. Ky.), 2550
– Dow Chem. contamination of Tittabawassee River near Midland, Mich., property damage suit remanded for clarification on joining of class members (Mich.), 1914
– Groundwater contaminated by vinyl chloride, class suing Dow survives challenge by competing class (La. Ct. App.), 1185
– Hazardous air pollutants, judge issues settlement decisions in Rubberville cases (W.D. Ky.), 1624
– Hazardous waste, Fla. property owners certified in suit alleging groundwater contamination (M.D. Fla.), 2359
– Lead in drinking water, D.C. agency hid spike in levels from public, suit seeking certification alleges (D.C. Super. Ct.), 455
– Oil spills, denial of certification does not deprive court of jurisdiction under Class Action Fairness Act (W.D. La.), 337
– PFOA contamination, N.J. resident cannot later cure failure to give advance notice of claim (D.N.J.), 890
– Superfund provision barring challenges to ongoing cleanups does not apply to state-led actions, Okla. residents' suit remanded (W.D. Okla.), 1066; suit fits under local controversy exception to Class Action Fairness Act, case remanded (10th Cir.), 2123
– TCE, VOC releases, CERCLA investigation of automobile parts manufacturing site no bar to suit (S.D. Ohio), 995
– Toxic fumes from improper waste burning, veterans claim contractors' actions harmed soldiers in Iraq, Afghanistan (N.D. Okla.), 1839

CLEAN AIR ACT (CAA)

– Ed. Note: This heading is limited to CAA reauthorization or reform. The heading AIR POLLUTION provides coverage of CAA administration and enforcement issues and cross-references to specific pollutants and industries regulated under CAA.

CLEAN AIR INTERSTATE RULE (CAIR)

See ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, AND DISTRIBUTION

CLEAN AIR MERCURY RULE (CAMR)

See MERCURY (7439-97-6), subheading: Electric power plant emissions

CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY

– China urged to develop more effective technology to curb air pollution, GHG emissions, 929
– Coal gasification

– – Environmentalists challenge Peabody Energy plan for western Ky. plant, 10
– – Ill. governor signs bill establishing clean coal portfolio standard, enabling construction of power plant, 135; governor signs bill expanding bonding authority, 1972
– – Ind. governor signs bill allowing state to negotiate long-term contracts with planned plant, 788

– FutureGen plant

– – Cost projections miscalculated, GAO reports, 542
– – Project will continue, but scaled back, Chu says, 561; Chu announces revival of project, 1424; DOE reviews environmental impacts, proceeds with financing, 1707; DOE, consortium of utilities sign cooperative agreement advancing project development, 2107
– – Senators press DOE to move forward with project, 272; DOE FY2010 budget proposal sets aside no funding, 1048; senators oppose budget cuts at hearing, 1167

CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM (CDM)

– Flaws make offset program poor model, speakers tell conference, 2348

CLEAN ENERGY

– Auto parts makers retooling, Brown (D-Ohio) plans Senate bill establishing loan fund, 1422
– Canada-U.S. dialogue, Obama, Harper announce initiative, 445; talks focus on GHG emissions, transmission grid, oil sands emissions peripheral issue, 504
– Carbon sequestration

See CARBON SEQUESTRATION

– China-U.S. cooperation, Clinton announces agreement to develop, deploy technology, 446; parties agree to establish research coordination center, 1710
– Clean coal technology

See CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY

– Economic growth

– – Development, Obama calls for changes in inaugural address, 183
– – Job growth outpacing other sectors, Pew report finds, 1365
– – Stimulus package, Chu announces funding for national laboratories, 678

– Energy bill will encourage technology development, Bingaman (D-NM) tells forum, 479
– Fossil fuels to remain major energy source as technology develops, Shell Oil president tells conference, 816
– Funding

– – Deployment, climate change bill

See LEGISLATION, FEDERAL, HR 2454

– – EU official says China, India could be coaxed into global climate pact, 275

– Green bonds to finance development

See LEGISLATION, FEDERAL, HR 1698

– Hydroelectric power

See HYDROELECTRIC POWER

– India, U.S. pledge to increase cooperation in technology development, 1763
– Infrastructure, report calls for $515B annual investment to curb climate change, 274
– Mexico-U.S. cooperation needed, speakers tell conference, 2005
– Nuclear energy

See NUCLEAR ENERGY

– Programs important component of economic stimulus package, Waxman (D-Cal) says, 76
– Renewable energy

See RENEWABLE ENERGY

– Technology development

– – Innovation requires stronger markets, intellectual property protections, witnesses tell House hearing, 1825
– – Loan guarantees

– – – Draft bill improves, expands DOE program, 921; further action, see LEGISLATION, FEDERAL, S 949
– – – Issuance, Chu promises to speed up process, 393
– – – Tight credit, uneasy investors make it difficult for companies to qualify for funds, Chu says, 1291

– – Tenn. tax credit, In Brief, 1671
– – Transformational technologies needed to convert to clean-energy economy, Chu tells conference, 621

– Trade issues

– – Business groups urge Obama to pursue agreement eliminating barriers, 1891
– – Tariff elimination would promote GHG emissions reductions, Paulson tells conference, 105

CLEAN WATER ACT (CWA)

– Ed. Note: This heading is limited to CWA reauthorization or reform. The heading WATER POLLUTION provides coverage of CWA administration and enforcement issues and cross-references to specific pollutants and industries regulated under CWA.

CLIMATE CHANGE

– Adaptation and mitigation

– – Cal. releases draft plan covering adaptation strategies, 1911
– – Costs may reach $100B per year globally, World Bank reports, 2344
– – Developing nations need aid, conference speakers call for global action, 2349
– – DOI head orders coordination of research programs, 2184
– – Federal government needs more coordinated adaptation strategy, hearing witnesses, GAO report say, 2514
– – Infrastructure improvements, planners need detailed information on future effects, report says, 623
– – Mexico proposal raises funds to help developing nations, major economies forum makes progress, 1239
– – National strategy

See LEGISLATION, FEDERAL, S 1933

– – New York City panel reports on possible risks, 459
– – OECD cites as high priority for poor countries, 1288
– – Wastewater treatment representatives seek inclusion of funding in climate bill, 942
– – World Bank seeks comments on funding projects, 1893

– Arctic region

– – Black carbon, ozone emission increases coupled with decreasing sulfate concentrations have contributed to warming, scientists say, 819
– – Fishing

– – – Fishery management council proposes commercial fishing ban as marine waters warm up, 348
– – – NOAA plan restricts fishing in waters opened up by melting ice, 2056

– – Shipping, report warns of risks posed by increased traffic as ice melts, 1651

– Biological monitoring

– – Fish and Wildlife Serv. releases strategic plan, 2237
– – Life cycles, DOI releases satellite data, In Brief, 1639

– Black carbon

– – Arctic warming, study attributes to increased emissions, 819
– – Environmental groups meet to discuss ways to reduce impacts, 551
– – Reduction of emissions could offset warming effects immediately, study says, 2055
– – Sources, Carper (D-Del)-Inhofe (R-Okla) bill requires identification, emissions reduction, 912; further action, see LEGISLATION, FEDERAL, S 849

– California actions

See CALIFORNIA

– Canada

See CANADA

– Carbon dioxide emissions generally

See CARBON DIOXIDE (124-38-9)

– Carbon neutrality

– – Clear definition lacking, Congress abandons plan, 477
– – Governors collaborate with building and design groups, In Brief, 1769

– Carbon tax

– – Advantages include industry cost certainty, report says comparing with cap-and-trade programs, 550
– – Border-adjustment taxes

– – – Canada official warns of impacts to multilateral system, 1113
– – – EU official warns of difficult implementation, resulting retaliation, 1113
– – – France considering tax, minister warns U.S., 1362
– – – Implementation requirement

See LEGISLATION, FEDERAL, HR 2454

– – Cap-and-trade program preferable despite economic downturn, panelists say, 614
– – Colo. city approves increase to fund action plan, 1395
– – Effectiveness in reducing GHG emissions greater than trading schemes, Hansen says, 56; Hansen tells House panel carbon tax simpler, more transparent, 419
– – Enactment unlikely, Congress favors cap-and-trade system, CAFE standards increase, Cardin aide says, 422
– – European Comm'n to propose expansion of tax directive to include CO2 emissions, 2346
– – Imposition on fuel content

See LEGISLATION, FEDERAL, HR 1337

– – Pricing emissions essential to reducing GHG emissions, Paulson tells conference, 105

– China

– – Economic growth top priority, not curbing GHG emissions, ambassador says, 326
– – Steel industry, lax environmental standards yield disproportionate pollution, U.S. report says, 694

– Clean energy

See CLEAN ENERGY

– Climate Law Inst., In Brief, 382
– Compact land development would reduce GHG emissions, Nat'l Acad. Scis. panel says, 2113
– Congressional actions

– – Administration outlines key agenda items, 1049
– – Boxer (D-Cal) outlines broad proposal meant to build consensus, 271; Boxer says Senate teams to accelerate work to build consensus, 914
– – Cash for clunker measures may move through House, Senate separate from broader climate, energy bills, leadership says, 1104
– – Conference committee could be vehicle to reconcile House bill with Senate energy measures, Boxer (D-Cal) says, 748
– – Copenhagen talks, Gore says strong bill would give U.S. moral authority to lead talks, urges passage of bill, 222; special envoy says domestic plan essential to success of talks, 925
– – Economic stimulus package gives Obama fast start on legislation, climate specialist tells conference, 655
– – Emissions reductions

– – – Binding targets, Obama urged to wait for action before negotiating targets, 472
– – – France minister says U.S. emissions reduction targets fall short, warns of border carbon tax, 1362
– – – Total CO2 emissions should remain below 1,000 gigatons by 2050 to prevent 2 degree temperature increase, study says, 985

– – GHG endangerment finding should spur action, supporters say, 909
– – House Energy and Commerce Comm.

– – – Committee leaders Waxman (D-Cal), Markey (D-Mass) vow action on GHG emissions reductions, 103; Waxman plans to move bill by Memorial Day, coalition offers recommendations, 165; congressmen say energy efficiency policies key to comprehensive bill, 424; draft bill may be released by end of March, Waxman (D-Cal) says passage before Copenhagen meeting possible, 474; agreement on many issues needed to get bill through House Energy and Commerce Comm., observers say, 540; bill will combine energy, climate policy with promotion of renewable energy, aide says, 609; Waxman, Markey release draft bill mandating 20 percent emissions reductions by 2020, 745; draft bill reaches out to moderates with carbon capture funding, stationary source exemptions, 745; draft gives FERC authority to regulate carbon markets, 746; Republicans warn that mandatory emissions caps will receive little support, 747; EU commissioner lauds bill, 748; Senate awaits House action, White House reaches out to moderates for support, 807; White House official says draft bill would advance Obama's goals, 815; testimony by 3 administration officials scheduled, Markey tells conference action starts now, 865; spokesman says bill will address emissions trading issues by subcommittee vote, 866; Pelosi (D-Cal) vows action this year, says chairmen cooperating to avoid jurisdictional dispute, 910; Jackson, Chu support bill, Republicans criticize lack of cost analyses, 912; EPA analysis finds impact on consumers modest if emissions trading revenue returned to households, 914; public wastewater treatment representatives seek inclusion of funding in bill for mitigation, 942; markup postponed as Democrats seek common ground, 980; Democrat proposal provides free emissions allocations to utilities, 981; small businesses, farmers ask for mitigation of legislation costs, 981; utilities seek free allowances amid concerns of windfall for coal-fired generators, 982; House Democrats, Obama reach agreement on cash for clunkers proposal, 1049; Peterson (D-Minn) opposes bill due to renewable fuels standard provisions, 1057; committee Democrats reach agreement on key issues, 1103; committee markup begins, cash for clunkers provisions, low carbon technology funding added, 1160; further action, see LEGISLATION, FEDERAL, HR 2454
– – – Costs, job losses divide members over support, 377
– – – Republicans to offer alternative bill, 914; alternative bill encourages more nuclear power, renewable energy, expansion of oil and gas production, 1354

– – House science subcommittee chair pledges top priority to issues, 273
– – House Ways and Means Comm. chair Rangel (D-NY) calls bill priority, schedules hearing, 377; Income Security and Family Support Subcommittee to play role in drafting bill, McDermott (D-Wash) says, 609
– – Jurisdiction, Rangel (D-NY) calls for bipartisan task force to sort out issues, 419
– – Mandatory GHG emission limits, Dingell (D-Mich) calls on administration to draft bill as guide for congressional action, 680
– – Outlook 2009, SplRpt (1/16/09) S–9; SplRpt (1/16/09) S–9
– – Pending bills encourage White House on shaping policy, CEQ official tells conference, 2348
– – Reconciliation, Senate amendment to budget resolution bars use, 749
– – Senate budget resolution for FY2010 includes domestic fuels reserve fund, 750; Senate approves carbon capture fund, raises bar for passage of cap-and-trade program, 807
– – Senate energy bill will precede climate change bill, Reid (D-Nev) tells conference, 393; Reid tells conference action will follow broad energy, transmission grid bills, 417; Senate Democrats outline action plan, 419; Reid plans combined energy, climate bill with Senate vote before Aug. recess, 608; Energy and Natural Resources Comm. should have role in crafting provisions, Murkowski (R-Alaska) says, 610; Boxer (D-Cal) says Senate to act on climate change in fall using House bill as starting point, 1353; taxation of free allowances and credits under consideration, witnesses tell Senate finance panel, 1420; Reid (D-Nev) gives committees more time for markup, hopes for Oct. floor vote, 1626; Senate committee members promote public transit to reduce GHG emissions, 1627; Kerry (D-Mass) cites concerns about tariff provisions in House bill, 1629; Boxer says finance, commerce panels likely to mark up bill, 1700; Senate Democrats say bill will create green jobs, Republicans say bill will increase energy costs at hearing, 1701; Boxer says offsets will boost agriculture, farm groups remain unconvinced, 1702; Alexander (R-Tenn) calls for construction of 100 new nuclear plants as alternative to emissions trading scheme, 1704; Dorgan (D-ND) seeks separate energy, climate bills citing potential abuse of emissions trading, 1754; Senate bill may set aside emissions allowances for transportation, Carper (D-Del) and Cardin (D-Md) say, 1758; environmental, consumer advocates ask Senate panel to increase percentage of auction allowances, 1759; Senate Finance Comm. to hold own markup, Baucus (D-Mont) says, 1819; Kerry says Senate may not act before Copenhagen talks, but U.S. commitment clear, 1819; lighting and appliance maker urges inclusion of manufacturers' credit progam, 1835; Boxer (D-Cal) considers reduction target of 20 percent by 2020, may revisit power plant exemptions as part of negotiating strategy, 1880; Baucus (D-Mont) says Senate should expand consumer relief provisions beyond House bill, 1884; Western Republican caucus launches effort to derail bill citing unemployment consequences, 1885; Rockefeller (D-WV) says bill will have profound effects but necessary, 1885; Boxer considering cost controls to build Senate support for bill, 1941; senators need protections for U.S. manufacturers to support bill, 1943; Senate vote in fall hinges on elusive health care deal, Special Report, 2030; Waxman (D-Cal) calls for Senate action on bill upon return from recess, 2052; Boxer (D-Cal) to delay introduction of bill, committee markup not likely until Oct., 2102; Senators urged to strengthen targets, protect state authority, 2103; attorneys general says Senate should close power plant loopholes in House bill, 2104; Senate agriculture panel members warn of emissions market manipulation, trading commission chair urges registry, daily reporting, 2105; expectations for bill wane as Copenhagen talks draw near, 2178; 8 senators call for more generous incentives for carbon sequestration by coal-fired power plants, 2179; business coalition calls for action, says bill should be top priority, 2180; Senate panel debates carbon price ceilings, cost controls, 2181; Baucus still wants Senate panel markup, senators ask Browner to sort out trade impact, 2232; Alexander says nuclear power incentives not likely to draw Republican support of bill, 2233; further action, see LEGISLATION, FEDERAL, HR 2454
– – Special counsel to help draft bill, Markey names Goo, 611
– – State preemption compromise under discussion, EPA will proceed with caution, conference told, 423
– – State, territory governors form energy/climate coalition, 1246
– – Utility chairman calls for passage of bill without delay, 818
– – WTO bar on protectionism, threat of challenge no excuse for inaction, former WTO official says, 687

– Development community must work with environmental regulators to promote low-carbon future, OECD nations agree, 1288
– Economic downturn could lead to increase in GHG emissions, IEA director says, 1557; IEA expects 2.6 percent decrease in carbon emissions in 2009, 2241; IEA forecasts 3.0 percent reduction in emissions, 2343
– Economic stimulus package, environmental groups pleased despite expected small reduction in GHG emissions, 370
– Ecosystems may experience fast, irreversible changes, reports say, 168
– Electric power plant emissions

See generally ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, AND DISTRIBUTION

– Emissions trading

See EMISSIONS TRADING

– Endangered species

See generally ENDANGERED SPECIES

– Endangerment finding, GHGs

See PUBLIC HEALTH

– Energy efficiency, costs linked to issues, G-8 ministers agree, 1240
– Energy policies on efficiency, renewables could achieve emissions reductions needed by 2020, U.N. Foundation official says, 2350
– Energy sources, new resources needed to meet emission reduction goals, 1890
– Enforcement, EPA to target GHG sources emitting more than 25,000 tons per year, 1104
– Environmental impact assessments

– – N.Y. proposal includes potential GHG emissions in review process, 648
– – Retail supercenter's assessment failed to consider project's carbon footprint, approval set aside (Cal. Super. Ct.), 1198

– Erosion along Alaskan coast

– – Beaufort Sea, rate doubled since 1950s, historic and cultural sites threatened, USGS finds, 478
– – Impact on Native villages, Corps of Eng'rs to study, 381
– – Inupiat Eskimo claims political issue inappropriate for federal trial court (N.D. Cal.), 2398
– – Relocation of Native villages, GAO reports minimal progress, 1379

– European Union

See EUROPEAN UNION (EU)

– Federal agencies, Obama orders setting of 2020 emissions reduction targets, 2334; Navy compliance poses challenges, Quinn tells forum, 2454
– Fossil fuels, DOE official nominee Zoi calls for partnership with oil, coal industries to address issues, 1292
– Fuel economy, Cal. rule requires auto repair shops to check tire pressure, 785
– Glacial melt accelerating, report finds, 13
– Global GHG emissions increased from 2000-2005, EU data show, 1242
– Grants for local community reductions, administration proposes elimination in FY2010 proposed budget, 1078
– Haw. considers integrating impacts into environmental impact assessments, In Brief, 724
– Highway expansion, settlement requires Cal. to reduce impacts (Cal. Super. Ct.), 251
– Homeland security

– – CIA office to coordinate efforts to provide policymakers information on impacts, 2290
– – Defense Dept. to include impact in strategic review, 2334
– – Effects spark growing concerns for EU, U.S., panelists say, 483
– – U.N. General Assembly adopts resolution calling for more attention to issues, 1289

– Impacts, state legislatures approve resolution urging federal government to continue study, 1829
– International initiatives

– – Canada, group urges government take lead in forming joint policy with U.S., 15; Canada may delay policy implementation to coordinate with U.S. initiatives, 1294
– – China-U.S. cooperation on energy technology, emissions reduction needed, report says, 326; Clinton announces agreement to develop, deploy technology, 446; Pelosi (D-Cal) calls for partnership during visit to China, 1238; witnesses call on U.S. to take lead role at Senate hearing, 1361; parties agree to establish research coordination center, 1710; parties sign MOU, 1824
– – Clean technology development, India-U.S. cooperation improvements pledged, 1763
– – Energy and Climate Partnership of the Americas, Obama invites nations to establish, 915
– – G-8 talks yield few specifics, Brazil proposes divided responsibility approach, 988
– – G-20 nations renew pledge to address threat, 813
– – Kyoto Protocol, successor agreement

See KYOTO PROTOCOL

– – Major economies representatives agreed immediate action needed to curb warming, 987
– – Outlook 2009, SplRpt (1/16/09) S–15
– – Tough decisions needed, Obama says at news conference, 1362
– – U.S. role

– – – Credibility will depend on actions taken domestically, Clinton (D-NY) says at confirmation hearing, 99
– – – Leadership on emissions reductions needed for China, India to participate, Chu says at confirmation hearing, 101

– – Window of opportunity will close in 2015, IPCC chair says, 425

– Inventory of GHG emissions, draft EPA report finds 1.4 percent increase in 2007, 476; EPA says emissions slightly higher than first reported in draft, 868
– Litigation, Outlook 2009, SplRpt (1/16/09) S–32
– Low-carbon technology development would create jobs, panelists say, 484
– Management of materials and lands, study outlines opportunities for GHG emissions reductions, 2238
– Methane

See generally METHANE (74-82-8)

– Mexico official tells conference emissions reduction now less costly than adaptation later, 2006
– Monitoring

– – Aircraft, satellite program to measure GHGs, predict patterns, 276
– – Baseline data establishment major challenge to measurement, tracking GHG emissions for regulatory regime, witnesses tell House subcommittee, 422; emissions reduction enforcement, dual system needed, witnesses say at House hearing, 927

– Motor vehicle air conditioners, Minn. law requires leakage rate disclosure, 36
– National Climate Serv. would provide authoritative information, witnesses tell House panel, 1052; further action, see LEGISLATION, FEDERAL, HR 2407
– National GHG standards

– – Greater state, local involvement in rulemaking called for, EPA officials tell conference, 1499
– – Outlook 2009, SplRpt (1/16/09) S–11
– – Regulation under CAA §115 may be most effective, Analysis & Perspective, 585

– Non-carbon GHG emissions, U.N. official calls on government to reduce emissions, 2114
– Nonconventional fuel use by military

See LEGISLATION, FEDERAL, HR 2647

– Northeastern states carbon dioxide trading agreement

See REGIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INITIATIVE (RGGI)

– Nuclear power

– – Environmental impacts preferable to poorly planned renewable energy sprawl, Alexander (R-Tenn) says, 2339
– – Policy must include, McCain (R-Ariz) tells forum, 924

– Obama administration off to fast start on policy changes, Special Report, 726
– Ocean circulation may be affected, report finds, 13
– Office buildings, real estate firm enters EPA partnership to reduce carbon impact, 57
– Outlook 2009, SplRpt (1/16/09) S–9 et seq.
– Particulate matter impacts, net cooling effect possible, EPA reports, 1883
– Permafrost carbon release from thawing to outpace vegetation growth, study predicts, 1295
– Polar regions, Clinton urges international cooperation to protect ice, 814; witnesses urge Congress to ratify Law of the Seas, seek international protection of arctic ecosystems, 1083
– Protection profitable, environmental advocate tells conference, 655
– Public health, GHG emissions reductions could improve health, scientists say at forum, 1054
– Regional initiatives

See MIDWESTERN GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION ACCORD; REGIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INITIATIVE (RGGI); WESTERN CLIMATE INITIATIVE

– Registries and reporting of GHG emissions

– – Cal. air board suggests lowering reporting threshold, 1394
– – Or. governor signs bill, 1669
– – Outlook 2009, SplRpt (1/16/09) S–11
– – Proposal likely in spring, EPA official says, 102; EPA proposes requirements for large industrial facilities, 536; hearings scheduled, In Brief, 696; witnesses disagree over need for third-party verification at hearing, 809; EPA opens comment period, 868; EPA sends draft rule to OMB for review, 1999; EPA releases final rule, 2226; EPA publishes final rule, 2554
– – Texas, environmental group files suit to force state regulation (Tex. Dist. Ct.), 2376
– – Voluntary registry, Outlook 2009, SplRpt (1/16/09) S–13
– – Wash. proposes rule, 2586
– – World Bank seeks comments on tracking emissions from funded projects, 1893

– Research

– – DOI head orders coordination of programs, 2184
– – EPA should develop unified plan, IG reports, 275
– – FY2010 budget, administration proposes increase in funding, 1080; NOAA budget request includes funding for new satellite technologies, 1128
– – IPCC, 5th Assessment Report to be most comprehensive, detailed report ever produced, chair says, 1762; predictions in 2007 report likely to take place earlier than anticipated, UNEP compendium suggests, 2292

– RGGI

See REGIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INITIATIVE (RGGI)

– Science policy

– – Impacts evident, report says, 1434
– – Program completes reports, 13

– Sea-level rise

See OCEANS

– Ship emissions

– – GHG emissions, committee approves voluntary, interim guidelines, 1753
– – Reductions achievable through efficiency, operational improvements, IMO reports, 1244

– State actions

See specific states
– – Regional initiatives

See MIDWESTERN GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION ACCORD; REGIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INITIATIVE (RGGI); WESTERN CLIMATE INITIATIVE

– Steel industry, EIS for proposed Minn. plant adequate in addressing emissions' impacts (Minn. Ct. App.), 2311
– Sulfuryl fluoride as methyl bromide substitute raises concerns as potent GHG, 277
– Summer sea ice expected to vanish by 2030, threatening some marine mammals, researchers say, 246
– Superfund hazards exacerbated by extreme weather events, advocates say calling for reinstatement of tax, 702
– Temperature, major economies nations agree to limit increase to 2 degrees Celsius, omit emissions target, 1631
– Terrestrial feedbacks could cause release of store carbon, scientist says decisive action needed, 381
– Tetrafluoroethane, Cal. approves program to curb emissions, 250
– Tort claims

– – Property owners may pursue suit alleging Hurricane Katrina damage intensified due to global warming (5th Cir.), 2444
– – States may sue electric power plants for contribution to global warming nuisance (2nd Cir.), 2227

– Trade issues

See INTERNATIONAL TRADE

– Trans-Atlantic forum created to strengthen U.S., EU cooperation, 2558
– Transportation

See TRANSPORTATION

– Vehicle emissions, GHG limits

See VEHICLE EMISSIONS

– Water resources

– – Colorado River water deliveries threatened, study finds, 944
– – States, Outlook 2009, SplRpt (1/16/09) S–24
– – Water supply, Outlook 2009, SplRpt (1/16/09) S–27

– Western states initiative

See WESTERN CLIMATE INITIATIVE

– Worst-case scenarios occurring, impacts unavoidable, scientists warn at conference, 616

CO2

See CARBON DIOXIDE (124-38-9)

COAL (12003-14-4)

– Clean coal technology

See CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY

– Climate change, DOE official nominee Zoi calls for partnership to address issues, 1292
– Combustion waste

See COAL ASH

– Power plants

See ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, AND DISTRIBUTION

– Processing, EPA proposes stricter NSPS for particulate matter, 1229; EPA publishes final rule, 2326

COAL ASH

– Authority to regulate

– – Boxer (D-Cal) urges EPA action, 122; advocacy groups ask EPA to take lead, 494; EPA requests impoundment information in preparation to develop proposed rule by year end, 552; industry cautions against sweeping change, warning of environmental, economic consequences, 552; EPA says balance needed between safe handling, beneficial reuse, 1064
– – Classification as hazardous waste would cost states millions, survey indicates, 2566
– – Rulemaking, inspector general finds no evidence of wrongdoing during process, 2567

– Effluent limits for coal combustion waste, environmental groups seek EPA revision of guidelines, 2016
– Environmental advocates call for regulation, industry looks to states, Special Report, 306
– Groundwater contamination

– – Electricity supplier settlement approved (Md. Cir. Ct.), 84
– – Md. governor signs bill requiring cost reimbursement to counties, 1201
– – Risk assessment, report finds potential to cause health problems for humans, wildlife, 1116

– High hazard sites

– – Assessments, EPA to assess 109 impoundments with high or significant hazard ratings, 2117; first assessments find no immediate safety threats, EPA says, 2189
– – N.C. governor signs bill expanding oversight, 1915
– – Philip Sporn impoundment requires further safety testing, EPA says, 2566
– – Release of information, Boxer (D-Cal) criticizes decision not to release due to security reasons, 1438; environmental groups file FOIA request, 1505; EPA releases information, 1561

– Md. Assembly approves bill establishing fees, regulations, 889; governor signs bill, 1142; governor signs bill expediting rulemaking on transport, beneficial uses, 1201
– Mine disposal

– – Environmental group wants EPA to step up regulation, 62; additional group calls on EPA to regulate disposal in mines, 171
– – President-elect Obama asked to reevaluate forthcoming rule, 17

– Obama administration off to fast start on policy changes, Special Report, 726
– Paper mill pipeline rupture spills ash into river, suggests issue not limited to utilities, 555
– Proposed power plant that have not yet been built would produce 18M tons of ash annually, study says, 632
– Regulation may need to change, TVA president testifies at Senate hearing, 108
– States capable of regulating waste, survey finds, 826
– Storage and disposal

See LEGISLATION, FEDERAL, HR 493

– Tenn. legislature approves restrictions on disposal, 1146; governor signs bill, 1266
– TVA impoundment breach

– – Cleanup could cost up to $825M, TVA says, 385
– – Disposal, TVA plans permanent disposal in landfills, 1176; EPA approves disposal in Ala. landfill, 1641
– – Economic development, TVA to spend $40M on area projects, 2189
– – Emergency response, spill shows need for improved training, report says, 1453
– – Emory River, partial closure scheduled for ash removal, 2409
– – Environmental group plans lawsuits, 16
– – EPA finds spill unpermitted discharge in violation of CWA, 336
– – Investigation cites multiple causes for ash slide, 1561; accident might have been avoided had TVA heeded warnings, report says, 1838; lack of training, confusion over leadership, culture of reaction contributed to spill, consultant reports, 1839; science panel recommends continuation of selenium monitoring, 2063
– – Residents file suit alleging incident foreseeable (E.D. Tenn.), 431
– – Restoration, EPA seeks comments on plan, 2459
– – Sampling shows contaminants under federal levels, 62
– – Tenn. issues order seeking cleanup details, reimbursement, 137; TVA cleanup plan includes monitoring, sampling, 554; dredging might release contaminants, witnesses tell House panel, 764

– Virginia

– – Governor signs disposal permit mandate, 851
– – Residents sue utility over golf course built on landfill (Va. Cir. Ct.), 793

COAL MINING

– Acid mine drainage

– – Control plans, state must explain (N.D. W.Va.), 258
– – Discharge permits ordered (S.D. W.Va.), 2081

– Discharge permits, Patriot Coal settles CWA violations with $6.5M fine, supplemental projects (S.D. W.Va.), 338
– Hydrologic impact assessments, W. Va. allowed to help DOI defend approval of surface mining rule changes (S.D.W.Va.), 1529
– Mountaintop mining

See MOUNTAINTOP MINING

– Pennsylvania law preempts township ordinance barring activities (W.D. Pa.), 2260
– Sludge ponds in W.Va., suit dismissed (D.C. Cir.), 281
– Water quality, Tenn. Legislature approves prohibition of permit issuance for activities within 100 feet of ordinary high water mark, 1146

COAST GUARD (USCG)

– Last-minute rulemaking by Bush administration, Obama orders hold on pending regulations, 180
– Ship traffic regulation duties not subject to endangered species consultation (N.D. Cal.), 781

COASTAL ZONES

– Beaches

See BEACHES

– Chesapeake Bay

See CHESAPEAKE BAY

– Desalination plant planned for Carlsbad, Cal., groups' challenge to discharge permit rejected (Cal. Super. Ct.), 1197
– Erosion, Alaskan villages

See ALASKA

– Great Lakes, Wis. proposes major revisions to shore protection rules, 1468; resources board approves revisions, 1587
– Management, CEQ proposes strategy to restore, protect waters, 2248; Mass. environment official asks task force to consider states' views in drafting policy, 2302
– Mass. proposes ocean management plan, 1666
– Mid-Atlantic Regional Council on the Ocean, 5 states sign agreement to protect resources, 1386
– Offshore drilling

See OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION

– Permit coordination, New York City mayor signs bill, 722
– Property development permit denial, takings claim not ripe due to lack of final ruling by Cal. commission (U.S., rev den), 451
– Renewable energy site identification grants

See LEGISLATION, FEDERAL, HR 1690

– Road construction through Cal. state park and land conservancy, NOAA upholds denial of permit by Coastal Comm'n, 31
– Sea-level rise, Mid-Atlantic region likely to be affected most, study says, 168
– Sewage discharge prohibition, N.C. governor signs bill, 1865; correction, 2029
– Watershed-based cleanup plans, environmental, fishing groups allege state, regional regulators failing to develop detailed plans for Northern Cal. rivers and streams (Cal. Super. Ct.), 351

COLORADO

– Alternative fuel vehicles, governor signs bill providing income tax credits, 1396
– Animal waste management, governor signs bill, 1464
– Cement industry, Lyons plant

– – New source review

– – – Environmental group petitions EPA to object to permit, EPA orders state to justify operating permit, 1141
– – – Major modification performed without review, EPA files suit (D. Colo.), 161

– – State air violations settled with fine, 583

– Chemical weapons destruction, federal law preempts state imposition of earlier deadline (D. Colo.), 2310
– Climate change, Boulder approves increased carbon tax to fund plan, 1395
– Cyanide heap-leach mining, county ban preempted by state mining law (Colo.), 194
– Electric power plants, officials urge EPA to reconsider Desert Rock Energy Project permit approval in N.M. (EAB), 674
– Electric vehicles, governor signs bill, 1464
– Electronic waste recycling

– – Alleged dumping in China, federal agents raid facility, 230
– – State task force to develop plan, 849

– Hazardous waste

– – Citizen suits, former owner/operator not subject for permit violations (D. Colo.), 433
– – Fees improperly used to pay county's litigation costs (Colo. Dist. Ct.), 1020
– – Metals recycler ordered to comply with state laws (Colo. Dist. Ct.), 582; co-owner sentenced to jail, probation for violations of state laws, 2310

– Methane from landfill, carbon fund project to produce electricity by spring 2010, 2210
– Mining radiation, residents' claims properly rejected due to lack of evidence (10th Cir.), 2062
– Oil and gas

– – Development, governor urges legislature to approve commission rules, 134; legislature kills second bill designed to weaken energy development rules, 399; Senate sends rule review bill to governor, 786
– – Frederick Natural Gas Compressor Station, EPA sets deadline to respond to petition challenging state-issued operating permit (D.D.C.), 1487; aggregation of emissions key in case, 2437; state official says additional analysis of permit needed, 2478
– – Stormwater, companies settle violations on Roan Plateau (Colo. Dist. Ct.), 2422

– Oil shale leasing program

– – Conservation coalition intends to sue BLM, 76
– – Research, development, and demonstration projects, DOI withdraws leases, 450

– Radioactive waste, county has standing to challenge state-issued permit for low-level waste disposal in landfill (Colo.), 2479
– Regional haze, EPA seeks comment on options for reducing pollution from 2 power plants, 2047
– Roadless areas, state revising management proposal, 1733; state releases proposed revisions, seeks comments, 1912; USDA head supports national rule, 1964; USDA undersecretary nominee Sherman to avoid participation in decision, 2367
– Solar energy

– – Financing, governor signs bill expanding options, 1020
– – Thermal systems, governor signs bill establishing tax incentives, 1199

– Summitville Mine Superfund site, collateral source rule inapplicable (10th Cir.), 1299
– Truck fuel efficiency and emissions control grants, governor signs bill, 1464
– Uranium mining

– – Federal lands, BLM must produce documents requested under FOIA (D. Colo.), 1120
– – In situ mining reclamation standards, stakeholder meetings, In Brief, 1530

– Water rights donations, governor signs bill allowing tax incentive, 1396

COMMERCE DEPARTMENT

– National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

See NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION (NOAA)

COMPOSTING

– Ill. governor signs bill on food waste disposal, 2025
– Or. agency proposes rule revisions, 791; agency adopts revisions, 2079
– San Francisco building owners must participate in programs, 1525
– Stormwater standards, N.C. governor signs bill, 1797

COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE, COMPENSATION, AND LIABILITY ACT (CERCLA)

– Ed. Note: This heading is limited to CERCLA reauthorization or reform. The heading SUPERFUND provides coverage of CERCLA administration and enforcement and cross-references to specific pollutants and industries regulated under CERCLA.

CONCENTRATED ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS (CAFOs)

– Discharge permits

– – Md. adopts regulations, general permit to control runoff, 82; permit on hold until officials review petitions, 255; environmental groups challenge permit, state moves forward with implementation (Md. Cir. Ct.), 2423
– – N.C. proposes additional requirements in general permits, 84; issuance, In Brief, 460
– – Okla., EPA proposes general permit for large animal feedlots, 706

– Emission limits, groups petition EPA to issue NSPS for GHGs, other air pollutants, 2236
– Enforcement, Idaho governor signs bill, In Brief, 794
– Siting, municipality had authority to grant waiver to dairy (S.D.), 1798
– VOC emissions, environmentalists sue EPA to force final action on San Joaquin Valley rules, 54

CONFERENCES AND MEETINGS

– Ed. Note: A list of upcoming events appears in the Journal section of each issue.
– Alaska Forum on the Environment, 391
– Alaska Marine Sci. Symposium, 246; 391
– Alliance to Save Energy

– – All Roads to Copenhagen Are Paved With Energy Efficiency, 2236
– – Energy efficiency forum, 479

– American Assn. for Advancement of Sci., Forum on Science and Technology Policy, 1054
– American Assn. of State Highway and Transportation Officials, 422
– American Bar Assn., 38th annual environmental law conference

– – Citizen lawsuits, companies shielded by state consent orders, 653
– – Climate protection profitability, 655
– – Stimulus package impact on climate change bill, 655
– – Water supply threatened by nutrient runoff, paving operations, 654

– American Chem. Soc'y, annual meeting, 2012
– American Council on Renewable Energy, teleconference, 609
– American Univ., Washington Coll. of Law, administrative law symposium, 1009
– American Wind Energy Assn., 2009 conference, 1053; 1110
– Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting, 951
– Association of State and Interstate Water Pollution Control Administrators

– – Annual meeting, 2130; 2132
– – Midyear meeting, 498

– Biotechnology Indus. Org., Sixth Annual World Congress on Indus. Biotech., 1767
– Blue Green Alliance Good Jobs, Green Jobs Conference, 324; 347
– Brookings Inst., conference on challenges facing electricity industry, 2183
– Business for Innovative Climate and Energy Policy, 641
– CALSTART, Target 2030: Solutions to Secure California's Transportation Energy and Climate Future, 167
– Center for American Progress Action Fund, National Clean Energy Project Conference, 444
– Center for Global Development, climate change agreement forum, 475
– COMPETE Coalition, renewable energy forum, 1110
– Council of Infrastructure Financing Authorities, Federal Policy Conf., 939
– Council of the Ams., annual Washington Conf. on the Ams., 1113
– DOE Natl. Renewable Energy Lab., Global Marine Renewable Energy Conf., 867
– Energy Daily, renewable energy forum, 1110
– Environment Law Institute, 2365
– Environmental and Energy Study Inst., 417
– Environmental Council of the States

– – Air committee, 669
– – Spring meeting, 705

– Environmental Law Inst., panel discussion on environmental review of economic stimulus work, 638
– Federal Energy Regulatory Comm'n, technical conference, 482
– Foundation for Ocean Renewables, Global Marine Renewable Energy Conf., 867
– Georgetown Univ. Law Center, State-Federal Climate Res. Cent., 423
– Global Environment Forum 2009, 2004
– Global Governance, World Prosperity, and Development, 1112
– Governors' Global Climate Summit

– – Cal. timber company launches nation's largest project, governor announces, 2371
– – Clean Development Mechanism poor model for offset programs, speakers say, 2348
– – Copenhagen talks should focus on solutions, Blair says, 2349
– – Developing nations need help adapt to climate change impacts, speakers say, 2349
– – Motor vehicles, development of low-carbon fleet could take decades, industry says, 2347
– – Obama administration encouraged by pending climate bills, CEQ official says, 2348

– Grantham Research Inst. on Climate Change and Env't, climate change agreement forum, 475
– Great Lakes Comm'n, semiannual meeting, 435
– Green Power conferences, Voluntary Carbon Markets USA, 169
– Indigenous Peoples' Global Summit on Climate Change, 1056
– Institute of the Ams., Cross Border Climate and Renewable Energy: Opportunities for Trade and Investment, 2005; 2006
– Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Scoping Meeting, 1762
– Interior Dep't conference on Central Valley water crisis, 2301
– International Inst. for Strategic Studies, EU-U.S. security concerns related to climate change, 483
– International Scientific Congress on Climate Change, 616
– Johns Hopkins Sch. of Advanced Intl. Studies, 872
– Landfill Methane Outreach Program, 102
– Major Economies Forum on Energy and Climate, 987; 1239; 1631; 2240; 2450
– Manhattan Inst. Center for Energy Policy and Env't, Will We Bury the Nuclear Renaissance?, 827
– Mass. Inst. Tech.

– – Clean energy conference, 865
– – Recycling Nuclear Waste: Addressing Nuclear Waste in the 21st Century, 1182

– Metropolitan Water Agencies Assn., 938; 941
– Mexico Envt. Ministry, National Forum on Energy, Environment, and Climate Change Policy, 2055
– Mid-American Regulatory Conference, 1428; 1429
– Midwestern Governors Assn., summit on energy and jobs in the Midwest, 2340; 2341
– Minerals Management Serv., Global Marine Renewable Energy Conf., 867
– National Assn. of Black Journalists, 1967
– National Assn. of Clean Water Agencies

– – Annual conference and summer meeting, 1782; 1783
– – Natl. Clean Water Policy Forum, 1073

– National Assn. of Counties, annual meeting, 1897
– National Assn. of Regulatory Utility Commissioners, 393
– National Clean Energy Project, 393
– National Conf. of State Legislatures, legislative summit, 1829
– National Governors Assoc., annual meeting, 1769
– National League of Cities, 2009 Congressional City Conference, 621
– National Transportation Safety Board, 438
– Naval energy usage forum, 2454
– Navigating the American Carbon World, 815; 816
– New Energy for America, 614
– New England Governors and Easter Canadian Premiers, 33rd annual conference, 2185
– North Am. Biochar Conf., 1947
– NRC Regulatory Information Conf., 634
– Nuclear Fuel Supply Forum, 284
– Nuclear Regulatory Comm'n, Fourth Annual Fuel Cycle Information Exchange, 1509
– Ocean Renewable Energy Coalition, Global Marine Renewable Energy Conf., 867
– Peterson Inst. for Intl. Econs., climate change agreement forum, 475
– Pew Center on Global Climate Change

– – Conference, 1499
– – Forum, 617

– Platts Energy Forum, 610
– Reform Inst., energy forum, 924
– Renewable energy conference, 841
– Resources for the Future, 105
– State of Environmental Justice in Am., 2009 conference, 1314
– United Nations Summit on Climate Change, 2229; 2230
– University of California

– – Climate change forum, 2052
– – Goldman Sch. of Public Policy, National Forum on Energy, Environment, and Climate Change Policy, 2055

– U.S. Energy Assoc., briefing, 920
– U.S. Energy Information Administration, 818
– Washington Auto Show, 272; 273
– Washington Automotive Press Assn., 622
– Washington Coal Club, 816
– Washington Legal Found., 1178
– Western States Energy and Environment Symposium, 2510
– White House Clean Energy Economy Forum, 2396
– World Econ. Forum, 2187
– World Res. Inst., climate change agreement forum, 475

CONGRESS, U.S.

– Ed. Note: This heading is used for administrative action only. For coverage of legislation by bill number, see LEGISLATION, FEDERAL. For information on measures not yet assigned bill numbers, see specific subject headings.
– House

– – Energy and Commerce Comm.

– – – Communications, Tech., and Internet Subcommittee, Boucher (D-Va) to chair panel, 104
– – – Energy and Env't Subcommittee, Markey (D-Mass) to chair panel, 104
– – – New leaders vow action to reduce GHG emissions, 103

– – Energy policy advisor, Pelosi (D-Cal) names Wayland, In Brief, 297
– – Natural Resources Comm. announces subcommittee leaders, Rahall (D-WVa) sets agenda, 294
– – Science and Technology Comm., Baird (D-Wash) to focus on climate change, oceans as chair of Energy and Environment Subcommittee, 273
– – Select Comm. on Energy Independence and Global Warming, Watson, Forsyth join minority staff, 104; Salazar (D-Colo), Speier (D-Cal) join panel, 325
– – Transportation and Infrastructure Comm. releases legislative priorities, 185

– Senate

– – Energy and Natural Resources Comm., democrats have 3-vote majority on panel, 396
– – Environment and Public Works Comm.

– – – Merkley (D-Or), Udall (D-Colo) to join panel, 56
– – – Reorganization adds oversight, green jobs subcommittees, 395

– – Specter (R-Pa) announces party affiliation, In Brief, 991
– – Voinovich (R-Ohio) announces retirement plans, 127

CONNECTICUT

– Amino and phenolic resins NESHAP, chemical maker settles charges arising from landfill emissions, 2496
– Car wash products maker agrees to pay fine, perform projects for EPCRA, CAA violations related to hydrogen fluoride, 881
– Carbon dioxide trading agreement

See REGIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INITIATIVE (RGGI)

– Hazardous waste, shooting range did not need permits, lead bullets not discarded material (2nd Cir.), 1895
– Oil storage facilities, 3 New England firms to pay penalties for failure to prepare, maintain spill plans, 2068
– School bus operator settles idling violations with driver training, pollution controls, 2442
– Scrap tires, wife ordered to pay cleanup costs, fines, interest incurred by illegal tire pond (Conn. Super. Ct.), 81
– Stormwater, EPA plans to reissue NPDES general permits for small MS4s in Indian Country lands, 69
– Superfund

– – Manufactured gas sites, utility not liable for 9 sites under cost recovery action (D. Conn.), 1298
– – Spoliation of evidence, soil samples barred in innocent landowner cost recovery action (D. Conn.), 1299

– Toxic discharges into Branford River, Atlantic Wire settles state violations, federal criminal charges (Conn. Super. Ct., D. Conn.), 80; former executive pleads guilty to CWA violations (D. Conn.), 1783

CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

– Building codes, witnesses urge 30 percent energy efficiency improvement requirement at Senate hearing, 481
– Discharge permits, 5 companies to pay $1.375M for damages to Va. streams, wetlands (W.D. Va.), 118
– Endangered species consultation, Cal. sues DOI to block limiting rule, 29
– Housing, national green building standard will promote environmentally sound residential building, builders' group says, 346
– Off-road diesel industrial equipment, Cal. air board eases emissions standards, 1860
– Stormwater runoff

See STORMWATER

– Water conservation

– – Buildings, efficiency growing factor in green design, study finds, 1307
– – Housing, national green building standard will promote environmentally sound construction, builders' group says, 346

CONSUMER PRODUCTS

– Bottled water safety

See LEGISLATION, FEDERAL, HR 2749

– Carbon labeling

See LEGISLATION, FEDERAL, HR 3543

– Environmental impact, Wal-Mart suppliers to provide information for display, 1786; information collection effort could help suppliers despite additional costs, analysts say, 1852
– Lead in shotgun pellets and shells, Cal. hooting range suit not ripe, Superfund liability exception avoided (9th Cir.), 1841
– VOCs, Canada sets concentration limits, 1699

CONTRACTS AND CONTRACTORS

– Hazardous substance and oil spill emergency response, bid protest on EPA contract for Midwestern states rejected (Fed. Cl.), 1953

COOLING WATER INTAKE STRUCTURES

– Cost-benefit analysis, EPA may consider costs to utilities (U.S., reversed and rem), 770; environmental groups will press for stronger rule to protect fish, waterways, 771; Sotomayor defends appellate decision, 1723; EPA plans to issue proposed rule mid-2010, 2127

CORPORATE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY (CAFE) STANDARDS

– Diesel vehicles better than gasoline vehicles, but hybrids best, EIA reports, 325
– Environmental group claims 2011 standards not maximum feasible as required by law (9th Cir.), 818
– Gas prices more effective in lowering fuel consumption than standards, auto industry leaders say, 273
– Increase, Bush administration will not finalize rule, leaving decision to Obama administration, 74; Obama orders DOT to accelerate drafting more stringent standards, 217; Markey (D-Mass) calls on administration to set standard above 35 mpg requirement set for 2020, 272; congressmen urge Obama to increase standards beyond levels set in Bush proposal, 677; Obama administration increases standards for model year 2011, 756; Obama announces major increase in standards, 1159; fuel economy requirement could be lower than 35.5 mpg announced by Obama, rulemaking notice says, 1245; automakers to use gasoline engine technology in near term to attain efficiency standards, 1245; EPA, DOT send proposed rules for light-duty vehicles to OMB for review, 2050; environmental groups seek limits to compliance flexibility, 2111; automakers brace for tighter restrictions, 2112; administration proposes 40 percent increase in auto fuel economy, 2176; witnesses praise plan, some urge stronger proposal at Detroir hearing, 2452; states support, auto dealers object to administration proposal at regional hearing, 2513; Cal. officials want loopholes in proposal closed, 2514
– Labeling, EPA plans proposal to change how information is presented, 2333
– Outlook 2009, SplRpt (1/16/09) S–11
– Preemption, DOT reconsiders decision barring states from setting standards, 623

CORPORATIONS

– Climate change, Pacific Gas & Elec. leaves U.S. Chamber of Commerce citing fundamental differences, 2239; PNM Resources, Exelon leaves Chamber, 2287; business group forms to urge Congress to pass legislation now, 2565
– Disclosure of environmental risks expected to lead to new SEC requirements, Special Report, 1800
– Energy efficiency retrofits, Welch (D-Vt) bill authorizes $10B, 752
– Environmental performance, web-based business tool provides information, best-practices exchange, 128
– Md. environmental registry, In Brief, 2313
– Superfund, parent company not directly liable for contamination on subsidiary's property (W.D. Mich.), 1842
– Sustainability, Wal-Mart to require suppliers to report environmental impact of products, 1786; information collection effort could help suppliers despite additional costs, analysts say, 1852

COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS

– Cooling water intake structures, EPA may consider costs to utilities to protect aquatic organisms (U.S., reversed and rem), 770; environmental groups will press for stronger rule to protect fish, waterways, 771; Sotomayor defends appellate decision, 1723; EPA plans to issue proposed rule mid-2010, 2127
– Non-monetary benefits of regulations, EPA should upgrade policy, advisory board draft report says, 297

COUNCIL ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY (CEQ)

– Chair, Senate approves Sutley nomination, 181
– Deputy director, Obama names Guzy, 1788
– Former chair Connaughton joins energy firm, In Brief, 487
– Green jobs advisor, Jones resigns, In Brief, 2145
– Leadership, Sutley seeks to reinvigorate council, 714

CRIMINAL PROSECUTION

– Asbestos

– – Knowing endangerment at Libby Site, Mont.

See ASBESTOS (1332-21-4)

– – Salvage and demolition contractor pleads guilty to handling, notice violations (E.D. Tenn.), 2331
– – Workplace safety, post-trial ruling allows new trial against Cal. gas company, employees (9th Cir.), 675

– BP refinery explosion, judge accepts plea agreement (S.D. Tex.), 606
– Discharge permits, former N.Y. water plant official charged with dumping sludge into river (N.Y. County Ct.), 649
– Dredging and filling

– – Port director pleads guilty (D. Or.), 437
– – Tugboat manager charged with dumping materials into Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta (N.D. Cal.), 1722; firm settles charges with $1.5M, 2250

– Drinking water, former N.C. town public works director sentenced to prison for conspiracy to violate environmental laws (E.D.N.C.), 568
– Environmental pollution and unsafe workplace alleged, former managers of N.J. foundry sentenced to prison (D. N.J.), 905; company fined $8M for violations, 1013
– EPA administrator requests additional investigators, 2137
– Fuel additives, charges against former EPA employee dismissed on speedy trial grounds (D.D.C.), 1281
– Hazardous waste

– – Barrell recycling plant owner sentenced for RCRA violations at Ind. facility (N.D. Ind.), 496
– – Chlorine gas cylinders, company president, foreman sentenced for burying waste without permit (E.D. Texas), 1304
– – Fugitive from Utah sentenced to prison for dumping pollutants, brandishing weapon (S.D. Fla.), 2413
– – Gas regulators containing mercury, R.I. recycler, owner sentenced for storage violations (D.R.I.), 2354
– – Injection wells, refinery, executives plead guilty to improper waste disposal at Tex. facility (S.D. Tex.), 949
– – Metals recycler ordered to comply with Colo. laws (Colo. Dist. Ct.), 582; co-owner sentenced to jail, probation for violations of state laws, 2310
– – Storage, federal prosecution of R.I. regulation requiring small generators to obtain permit upheld (D.R.I.), 1916

– Metals processor fined for falsifying air pollution records (E.D. Tenn.), 162
– Migratory birds, ExxonMobil pleads guilty, settles 5 misdemeanor cases (D. Colo.), 2021
– Mystic River oil spill, ExxonMobil subsidiary agrees to pay $6.2M (D. Mass.), 23; court orders payment of fines, sentences company to probation, 1074
– Oil sands tailings, Canadian producer faces charges in bird deaths, 334
– Oil spills

– – Cosco Busan pilot pleads guilty in San Francisco Bay fuel spill (N.D. Cal.), 566; operating firm pleads guilty, 1187; pilot sentenced to prison, 1784; operating firm settles criminal charges with $10M, 2016
– – Cruise ship operator sentenced to fine for fuel oil spill near national park (Alaska Super. Ct.), 1017
– – Genmar Defiance operator to pay $1M for oily waste discharge (S.D. Tex.), 636
– – Georgios M

– – – Company settles charges with $1.25M (S.D. Tex.), 2525
– – – Engineers charged with concealing discharges (S.D. Tex.), In Brief, 2071

– – Holy House Shipping to pay $1.4M for concealing oily waste discharges (D.N.J.), 566
– – Nautilus

– – – Chief engineer pleads guilty to covering up improper discharges from tanker (D. Mass.), 567; chief engineer sentenced, In Brief, 1127
– – – Company to pay $2.5M fine as part of plea agreement in bilge waste dumping case (D. Mass.), 836; company sentenced, 1847

– – STX Pan Ocean, company fined for falsifying records (M.D. Fla.), 1380

– Or. governor signs bill, 1669
– Region 4 Criminal Investigation Div., O'Mara to head, In Brief, 783
– Ship discharges, European Parliament endorses proposal to criminalize serious offenses, 1076
– Steel wire and rod maker settles federal charges stemming from toxic wastewater discharges into Branford River (Conn. Super. Ct., D. Conn.), 80; former executive pleads guilty to CWA violations (D. Conn.), 1783
– Superfund, Federal Creosote Site fraud cases

– – Electrical subcontractor receives prison sentence for role in fraud and kickback scheme (D.N.J.), 1715
– – Landscaping subcontractor pleads guilty to conspiracy to defraud EPA (D.N.J.), 1563; sentencing, 2569
– – Sales representative for subcontractor pleads guilty in bid-rigging scheme (D.N.J.), 2569
– – Soil cleanup company former executive pleads guilty in scheme to defraud EPA (D.N.J.), 1647
– – Subcontractor, owner plead guilty in kickback, fraud scheme at 2 sites (D.N.J.), 494; government indicts additional subcontractors, 2191

– Tank farm settles false operating permit compliance report allegations with $2.5M (N.D. Cal.), 1697
– 2008 developments, Analysis & Perspective, 511
– Underground storage tanks, N.Y. takes fugitive in fraud case into custody upon return from India (W.D.N.Y.), 401
– Wastewater treatment

– – Chemical company president, manager sentenced for dumping wastes into Ill. sewer system (N.D. Ill.), 339
– – Fertilizer company, owner plead guilty to illegal discharge into Kan. sewer (D. Kan.), 438
– – Fugitive from Utah sentenced to prison for dumping pollutants, brandishing weapon (S.D. Fla.), 2413
– – Monitoring, executive, businesses indicted on CWA charges (W.D. La.), 1381
– – Public works officer sentenced to probation for failing to report sewage discharge into resort lake (W.D. Mo.), 2070
– – Treatment plant operator sentenced for illegal discharges into N.C. stream (W.D.N.C.), 1309
– – Waste disposal manager receives prison sentence for discharging waste into Mich. sewer system (E.D. Mich.), 1003

CRUISE LINES

– Oil spills, operator sentenced to fine for fuel oil spill near national park (Alaska Super. Ct.), 1017
– Wastewater discharges

– – Alaska, legislature approves extension of water quality compliance deadline, 1197
– – Waste streams, EPA assesses in report, 65

CULTURAL RESOURCES

See ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCES

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