Corporate Practice Series Portfolio No. 85-1st, Doing Business in States Other Than the State of Incorporation (Minnesota Through Wyoming), discusses when a corporation must obtain a certificate of authority and appoint a resident agent upon whom process may be served before doing business in a state other than the state in which it was incorporated. The portfolio discusses the process of qualifying to do business in a state, the penalties that could be imposed for failing to qualify, and the process for withdrawing from qualification if a corporation ceases to do business in a particular state. The portfolio also discusses the registration of a corporate name in a state, service of process upon foreign corporations, and when a state can revoke a foreign corporation's authority to do business in a state.

Portfolio 85-1st: Doing Business in States Other Than the State of Incorporation (Minnesota Through Wyoming)

I. Introduction

II. Minnesota 
    A. Introduction 
    B. What Constitutes Doing Business in Minnesota 
    C. Qualifying to Do Business in Minnesota 
    D. Consequences of Doing Business in Minnesota Without Having Qualified to Do So 
    E. Corporate Name Registration by a Foreign Corporation 
    F. Registered Agent and Office 
    G. Service of Process 
    H. Withdrawal of Foreign Corporation Qualified to Do Business in Minnesota 
    I. Revocation of Authority to Do Business in Minnesota 
    J. Cancellation of Certificate of Authority to Do Business in Minnesota 
    K. Reinstatement

III. Mississippi 
    A. Introduction 
    B. What Constitutes Doing Business in Mississippi 
    C. Qualifying to Do Business in Mississippi 
    D. Consequences of Doing Business in Mississippi Without Having Qualified to Do So 
    E. Corporate Name Registration by a Foreign Corporation 
    F. Registered Agent and Office 
    G. Service of Process 
    H. Withdrawal of Foreign Corporation Qualified to Do Business in Mississippi 
    I. Revocation of Authority to Do Business in Mississippi

IV. Missouri 
    A. Introduction 
    B. What Constitutes Doing Business in Missouri 
    C. Qualifying to Do Business in Missouri 
    D. Consequences of Doing Business in Missouri Without a Certificate of Authority 
    E. Corporate Name of Foreign Corporations 
    F. Registered Office and Agent 
    G. Service of Process 
    H. Withdrawal of Foreign Corporation Qualified to Do Business in Missouri 
    I. Revocation of Authority to Do Business in Missouri 
    J. Reinstatement/Appeal of Revocation of Authority to Do Business in Missouri

V. Montana 
    A. Introduction 
    B. Foreign Business Corporations 
        1. What constitutes doing business in Montana 
        2. Authority to transact business in Montana 
        3. Consequences of transacting business in Montana without authority 
        4. Corporate name 
        5. Registered agent and office 
        6. Service of process 
        7. Withdrawal of a foreign corporation 
        8. Revocation of a certificate of authority 
        9. Derivative proceedings involving foreign corporations 
        10. Long-arm jurisdiction 
    C. Foreign Limited Liability Companies 
        1. Limited liability company name 
        2. Revocation

VI. Nebraska 
    A. Introduction 
    B. Certificate of Authority Requirement; Transacting Business 
    C. Effect of Transacting Business in Nebraska Without Qualification 
    D. Obtaining the Certificate of Authority; Qualifying to Do Business 
    E. Corporate Name Requirements of Foreign Corporation 
    F. Registered Office and Registered Agent 
    G. Foreign Corporation Service of Process 
    H. Withdrawal of Qualified Foreign Corporation 
    I. Revocation of Certificate of Authority; Reinstatement 
    J. Domestication of Foreign Corporations

VII. Nevada 
    A. Introduction 
    B. What Constitutes Doing Business in Nevada 
    C. Foreign Corporations 
        1. Qualifying to do business in Nevada 
        2. Consequences of doing business in Nevada without being qualified in Nevada 
        3. Registration of names 
        4. Registered agent and service of process 
        5. Jurisdiction over foreign corporations 
        6. Withdrawal of foreign corporation qualified to do business in Nevada 
        7. Revocation of authority to do business in Nevada 
    D. Other Entity Types: Foreign Limited Partnerships and Foreign Limited-Liability Companies 
        1. Foreign limited partnerships 
        2. Foreign limited-liability companies

VIII. New Hampshire 
    A. Introduction 
    B. What Constitutes Doing Business in New Hampshire 
    C. Qualifying to Do Business in New Hampshire 
    D. Consequences of Doing Business in New Hampshire Without Having Qualified to Do So 
    E. Corporate Name Registration by a Foreign Corporation or Limited Liability Company 
    F. Registered Agent and Office 
    G. Service of Process 
    H. Withdrawal of Foreign Corporation or Limited Liability Company Qualified to Do Business in New Hampshire 
    I. Revocation of Authority to Do Business in New Hampshire 
    J. New Hampshire Specific Taxes 
    K. Leases and Notices of Leases

IX. New Jersey 
    A. Introduction 
    B. What Constitutes Doing Business in New Jersey 
    C. Qualifying to Do Business in New Jersey 
    D. Consequences of Doing Business in New Jersey Without Having Qualified to Do So 
    E. Requirements For Corporate Name 
    F. Registered Agent and Service of Process 
    G. Long-Arm Statutes 
    H. Withdrawal of a Foreign Corporation Qualified to Do Business in New Jersey 
    I. Revocation of Authority to Do Business in New Jersey 
    J. Annual Reports 
    K. Corporation Business Activities Reporting Act 
    L. Foreign Limited Partnerships 
    M. Foreign Limited Liability Partnerships 
    N. Foreign Limited Liability Companies

X. New Mexico 
    A. Introduction 
    B. Limitation on Types of Business 
    C. What Constitutes Transacting Business in New Mexico 
    D. Qualifying to Transact Business in New Mexico 
    E. Registered Agent and Office of a Foreign Corporation and Service of Process on a Foreign Corporation in New Mexico 
    F. New Mexico Long-Arm Statute Jurisdiction Over Foreign Corporations 
    G. Change of Registered Office or Registered Agent of a Foreign Corporation 
    H. Corporate Name of a Foreign Corporation 
    I. Consequences of Doing Business Without Having Qualified to Do So 
    J. Withdrawal of a Foreign Corporation 
    K. Revocation of Authority to Do Business in New Mexico 
    L. Foreign Limited Liability Companies in New Mexico

XI. New York 
    A. Introduction 
        1. Why do business as a foreign entity? 
    B. What Constitutes Doing Business in New York 
    C. Becoming Authorized to Do Business in New York 
    D. Use of Corporate Name 
    E. Effect of Obtaining Authority 
        1. Generally 
        2. Legal actions 
        3. Exemptions from certain Business Corporation Law provisions 
    F. Disclosure and Internal Affairs 
        1. Disclosure requirements 
            a. Disclosure of shareholder records     
            b. Voting trust records 
            c. Additional disclosures 
        2. Director and officer liability 
        3. Miscellaneous additional requirements 
    G. Amending the Application for Authority 
    H. Service of Process 
        1. Authorized corporations 
        2. Unauthorized corporations 
    I. Consequences of Doing Business Without Authorization 
        1. New York's ‘door-closing' statute 
        2. Authority of attorney general to restrain business of unauthorized foreign corporation 
    J. Surrender and Termination of Authority 
        1. Voluntary surrender of authority 
        2. Involuntary surrender of authority 
        3. Termination of authority by attorney general 
        4. Termination of authority for tax delinquency 
    K. Hybrid Entities 
        1. Applying for authority to do business 
        2. Doing business without a certificate of authority 
        3. Governance of internal affairs 
    L. Professional Service Entities 
        1. Professional service corporations and professional service LLCs 
            a. Application for authority 
            b. Annual reporting requirements 
        2. Registered limited liability partnerships 
        3. Engaging in activity in New York without authority 
        4. Governance of internal affairs 
    M. Personal Jurisdiction Over Foreign Corporations 
        1. Consent to personal jurisdiction 
            a. Consent by contract 
            b. Consent by obtaining authorization to do business in New York 
        2. ‘Doing business' in New York 
            a. Soliciting business 
            b. Ownership of a bank account 
            c. Doing business through an agent or affiliate 
                i. ‘Mere department' test 
                ii. Agency test 
        3. Long-arm jurisdiction 
            a. Transacting business in New York 
            b. Contracting to supply goods or services in New York 
            c. Committing tortious acts outside New York 
                i. Engaging in a persistent course of conduct in New York 
                ii. Deriving substantial revenue from goods and services sold in New York 
                iii. Expectation of consequences in New York 
            d. Committing acts through an agent 
    N. Presence for Purposes of Taxation 
        1. The franchise tax 
            a. Corporations liable for the tax 
            b. Doing business in New York 
            c. Employing capital 
            d. Owning or leasing property 
            e. Maintaining an office 
            f. Liability due to participation in a partnership or limited partnership 
        2. License fee 
        3. Maintenance fee

XII. North Carolina 
    A. Introduction 
    B. Requirement to Qualify to Transact Business 
    C. What Constitutes ‘Transacting Business' in North Carolina     
    D. Consequences of Transacting Business in North Carolina Without Authority 
    E. Qualifying to Transact Business in North Carolina 
    F. North Carolina Corporate Name Requirements 
    G. Registered Agent and Office in North Carolina 
    H. Withdrawal of Foreign Corporation From North Carolina 
    I. Revocation of Authority to Transact Business in North Carolina

XIII. North Dakota 
    A. Introduction 
    B. What Constitutes Doing Business in North Dakota 
    C. What Is the Process to Qualify to Do Business in North Dakota 
    D. Consequences of Doing Business in North Dakota Without Having Qualified to Do So 
    E. Requirements for a Corporate Name 
    F. Registered Agent and Service of Process 
    G. Long-Arm Statutes 
    H. Withdrawal of Foreign Corporation Qualified to Do Business in North Dakota 
    I. Revocation of Authority to Do Business in North Dakota

XIV. Ohio 
    A. Introduction 
    B. Foreign Corporations Not Subject to Licensure 
    C. What Constitutes ‘Transacting Business' in Ohio 
    D. Qualifying to Do Business in Ohio 
        1. Application for license—foreign corporation for profit 
        2. Application for certificate—foreign nonprofit corporation 
        3. Name availability 
        4. Designated agent 
        5. Issuance of license certificate 
        6. Temporary license 
    E. Changes Subsequent to Issuance of License 
        1. Merger or consolidation 
        2. Amendment to articles 81 
        3. Cancellation and reinstatement of license 
        4. Surrender of license 
    F. Consequences of Transacting Business in Ohio Without a License to Do So

XV. Oklahoma 
    A. Introduction 
    B. What Constitutes Doing Business in Oklahoma 
    C. Qualifying to Do Business in Oklahoma 
    D. Consequences of Doing Business in Oklahoma Without Having Qualified to Do So 
    E. Corporate Name Registration by a Foreign Corporation 
    F. Registered Agent and Office 
    G. Service of Process 
    H. Long-Arm Statute 
    I. Withdrawal of Foreign Corporation Qualified to Do Business in Oklahoma 
    J. Revocation of Authority to Do Business in Oklahoma

XVI. Oregon 
    A. Introduction 
    B. What Constitutes Doing Business in Oregon 
    C. Qualifying to Do Business in Oregon 
    D. Consequences of Doing Business in Oregon Without Having Qualified to Do So 
    E. Requirements for Corporate Name 
    F. Registered Agent and Service of Process 
    G. Long-Arm Statutes 
    H. Withdrawal of Foreign Corporation Qualified to Do Business in Oregon 
    I. Revocation of Authority to Do Business in Oregon

XVII. Pennsylvania 
    A. Introduction 
    B. Foreign Corporations ‘Doing Business' in Pennsylvania for State Corporate Law Purposes 
        1. The definition of ‘doing business' 
        2. Qualifying to do business in Pennsylvania 
        3. The effect of business reorganizations 
        4. Consequences of doing business in Pennsylvania without having qualified 
            a. Access to courts 
            b. Validity of contracts 
            c. Right to own property 
        5. Corporate name registration by a foreign corporation 
        6. Registered office 
        7. Withdrawal of foreign corporation qualified to do business in Pennsylvania 
        8. Revocation of authority to do business in Pennsylvania 
        9. Domestication of a foreign business corporation in Pennsylvania 
    C. What Constitutes ‘Doing Business' in Pennsylvania for State Tax Purposes

XVIII. Rhode Island 
    A. Introduction 
    B. What Constitutes Doing Business in Rhode Island 
    C. Qualifying to Do Business in Rhode Island     
    D. Effect of Transacting Business Without Certificate 
    E. Requirements For Corporate Name 
    F. Registered Agent and Service of Process 
    G. Long-Arm Statute 
    H. Withdrawal of a Foreign Corporation Qualified to Do Business in Rhode Island 
    I. Revocation of Authority to Do Business

XIX. South Carolina 
    A. Introduction 
    B. What Constitutes Doing Business in South Carolina 
        1. Foreign corporations 
        2. Foreign limited liability partnerships 10 
        3. Foreign limited partnerships 
        4. Foreign limited liability companies 
    C. What Is the Process to Qualify to Do Business in South Carolina 
        1. Foreign corporations 
        2. Foreign LLPs 
        3. Foreign LPs 
        4. Foreign LLCs 
    D. Consequences of Doing Business in South Carolina Without Being Qualified to Do So 
        1. Foreign corporations 
        2. Foreign LLPs 
        3. Foreign LPs 
        4. Foreign LLCs 
    E. Requirements for Entity Name 
        1. Foreign corporations 
        2. Foreign LLPs 
        3. Foreign LPs 
        4. Foreign LLCs 
    F. Registered Agent and Service of Process 
        1. Foreign corporations 
        2. Foreign LLPs 
        3. Foreign LPs 
        4. Foreign LLCs 
    G. Withdrawal of Foreign Business Entity Qualified to Do Business in South Carolina 
        1. Foreign corporations 
        2. Foreign LLPs 
        3. Foreign LPs 
        4. Foreign LLCs 
    H. Revocation of Authority to Do Business in South Carolina 
        1. Foreign corporations 
        2. Foreign LLPs 
        3. Foreign LPs 
        4. Foreign LLCs 
    I. Long-Arm Statute

XX. South Dakota 
    A. Introduction 
    B. South Dakota's Business Corporation Act 
        1. What constitutes ‘doing business' in South Dakota 
        2. Qualifying to do business 
        3. Consequences of doing business without authority 
        4. Corporate name registration requirements 
        5. Registered agent, office, and service of process 
            a. Registered agent and office 
            b. Service of process 
        6. South Dakota's long-arm statute 
        7. Withdrawal of foreign corporation 
        8. Revocation of authority to do business in South Dakota 
    C. Family Farm Act of 1974: Implications for Foreign Corporations

XXI. Tennessee 
    A. Introduction 
    B. Requirement for Certificate of Authority 
    C. Consequences of Transacting Business in Tennessee Without Authority 
    D. The Application for Certificate of Authority 
    E. Effect of Certificate of Authority 
    F. Corporate Name of Foreign Corporation 
    G. Registered Office and Registered Agent 
    H. Withdrawal 
    I. Revocation of Certificate of Authority 
    J. Annual Reports

XXII. Texas 
    A. Introduction 
    B. Process for Qualifying to Do Business in Texas 
    C. What Constitutes Doing Business in Texas 
    D. Consequences of Doing Business in Texas Without Having Qualified to Do So 
    E. Use of Corporate Names in Texas 
    F. Registered Agents and Long-Arm Jurisdiction in Texas 
    G. Withdrawal of a Corporation Qualified to Do Business in Texas 
    H. Revocation of Authority to Do Business in Texas

XXIII. Utah 
    A. Introduction 
    B. What Constitutes Doing Business in Utah 
    C. Qualifying to Do Business in Utah 
    D. Consequences of Doing Business in Utah Without Authority 
    E. Corporate Name Registration By a Foreign Corporation 
    F. Each Foreign Corporation Must Maintain an Office and Have an Agent in Utah 
    G. Service of Process 
    H. Withdrawal of a Foreign Corporation 
    I. Revocation of Authority to Do Business in Utah 
    J. Appeal From Revocation 
    K. Domestication of Foreign Corporations

XXIV. Vermont 
    A. Corporations 
        1. Introduction 
        2. Registration of foreign corporations 
        3. Qualifying to do business in Vermont 
        4. Consequences of doing business in Vermont without having qualified to do so 
        5. Corporate name registration by a foreign corporation 
        6. Registered agent and office 
        7. Service of process 
        8. Long-arm jurisdiction 
        9. Withdrawal of foreign corporation qualified to do business in Vermont 
        10. Revocation of authority to do business in Vermont 
    B. Foreign Limited Partnership 
    C. Foreign Limited Liability Partnership 
    D. Foreign Limited Liability Company

XXV. Virginia 
    A. Introduction 
    B. Activities That Constitute Doing Business in Virginia 
    C. Qualifying to Do Business in Virginia 
    D. Consequences of Doing Business in Virginia Without a Certificate of Authority 
    E. Requirements for Corporate Name 
    F. Annual Filing Requirements 
    G. Registered Office and Registered Agent Requirement 
    H. Long-Arm Statute 
    I. Withdrawal of Foreign Corporation Qualified to Do Business in Virginia 
    J. Revocation of Authority to Do Business in Virginia 
    K. Automatic Termination of Authority to Transact Business 
    L. Foreign LLCs Doing Business in Virginia 
    M. Annual Filings by Foreign LLCs

XXVI. Washington 
    A. Introduction 
    B. What Constitutes Transacting Business in Washington State 
    C. Qualifying to Transact Business in Washington 
        1. Effect of qualification 
        2. Amended certificate of authority 
    D. Transacting Business Without Authority 
    E. Corporate Name Registration by a Foreign Corporation 
    F. Registered Agent and Office 
    G. Service of Process 
    H. Withdrawal of Foreign Corporation Qualified to Do Business in Washington 
    I. Revocation of Authority to Do Business in Washington

XXVII. West Virginia 
    A. Introduction 
    B. Doing Business in West Virginia 
    C. Consequences of Doing Business Without Authority in West Virginia 
    D. Qualifying to Do Business in West Virginia 
    E. Corporate Name of a Foreign Corporation 
    F. Registered Agent and Office 
    G. Jurisdiction and Service of Process 
    H. Withdrawal of a Foreign Corporation Qualified to Do Business in West Virginia 
    I. Revocation of Authority to Do Business in West Virginia 
    J. West Virginia Registration Applicable to Other Types of Foreign Entities

XXVIII. Wisconsin 
    A. Introduction 
    B. What Constitutes Doing Business in Wisconsin 
    C. Process For Qualifying to Do Business in Wisconsin 
    D. Consequences of Doing Business in Wisconsin Without Having Qualified to Do So 
    E. Use of Corporate Names in Wisconsin 
    F. Resident Agents in Wisconsin 
    G. Long-Arm Jurisdiction in Wisconsin 
    H. Revocation of Authority to Do Business in Wisconsin 
    I. Other Forms of Entity

XXIX. Wyoming 
    A. Introduction 
    B. What Constitutes Doing Business in Wyoming 
    C. Qualifying to Do Business in Wyoming 
    D. Consequences of Transacting Business in Wyoming Without Authority 
    E. Corporate Name of Foreign Corporation 
    F. Registered Agent and Office 
    G. Service of Process on Foreign Corporations 
    H. Withdrawal of Foreign Corporation Qualified to Do Business in Wyoming 
    I. Revocation of Authority to Do Business in Wyoming 
    J. Domestication of Foreign Corporations 
    K. Continuance of a Foreign Corporation 
    L. Transfer of a Corporation to a Foreign Jurisdiction

Portfolio 85-1st: Doing Business in States Other Than the State of Incorporation (Minnesota Through Wyoming)

Wks. 1 Excerpts from the Model Business Corporation Act (1969) Concerning Foreign Corporations

Wks. 2 Excerpts from the Model Business Corporation Act (1984) Concerning Foreign Corporations

Wks. 3 List of State Statutes Concerning Foreign Corporations

Wks. 5 Model Registered Agents Act and Amendments to Entity Acts to Rationalize Annual Filings

Martha J. Ashcraft
Lewis and Roca LLP
Las Vegas, Nevada

Daniel J. Auerbach
Browning, Kaleczyc, Berry and Hoven, P.C.
Helena, Montana

Jeffrey S. Blum
Deloitte Tax LLP
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Barbara S. Cohen
Winograd, Shine & Zachs, P.C.
Providence, Rhode Island

Gregory C. Dyekman
Dray, Thomson & Dyekman, P.C.
Cheyenne, Wyoming

James B. Egle
Stafford Rosenbaum LLP
Madison, Wisconsin

Scott W. Ellison
Cook Little Rosenblatt & Manson P.L.L.C.
Manchester, New Hampshire

Quentin Faust
Andrews Kurth LLP
Dallas, Texas

Michael R. Goldberg
Winograd, Shine & Zachs, P.C.
Providence, Rhode Island

Alyssa J. Hirschfeld
Gray, Plant, Mooty & Bennett, P.A.
Minneapolis, Minnesota

Stanley T. Kaleczyc
Browning, Kaleczyc, Berry and Hoven, P.C.
Helena, Montana

Neal J. Keesee, Jr.
Woods Rogers PLC
Roanoke, Virginia

Joanie Y. Kim
Nintendo of America, Inc.
Redmond, Washington

Mark E. Lehman
Parsons Behle & Latimer, A Professional Corporation
Salt Lake City, Utah

Carl M. Markus
Lashly & Baer, P.C.
St. Louis, Missouri

William A. Mason IV
Gravel and Shea, A Professional Corporation
Burlington, Vermont

Joe Mattoon
Davis Wright Tremaine LLP
Portland, Oregon

Margaret Lewis Meister
Modrall, Sperling, Roehl, Harris, & Sisk P.A.
Albuquerque, New Mexico

Lafe B. Metz
Buchanan Ingersoll & Rooney PC
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

John W. Morrison Jr.
Fleck, Mather & Strutz, Ltd.
Bismarck, North Dakota

Ony Okoro
Dorsey & Whitney LLP
New York, New York

Ross Plourde
McAfee & Taft, A Professional Corporation
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

James H. Porter
Miller & Martin PLLC
Nashville, Tennessee

Roberta Cooper Ramo
Modrall, Sperling, Roehl, Harris, & Sisk P.A.
Albuquerque, New Mexico

Clifford A. Roe, Jr.
Dinsmore & Shohl, LLP
Cincinnati, Ohio

Susan L. Rowe
Charlotte School of Law
Charlotte, North Carolina

David B. Shapiro
Spilman Thomas & Battle, PLLC
Charleston, West Virginia

Ernest P. Shriver
Fafinski Mark & Johnson, P.A.
Minneapolis, Minnesota

Laura Chalk Smith
Robinson, Bradshaw & Hinson, P.A.
Charlotte, North Carolina

Jordan S. Solomon
Gibbons P.C.
Newark, New Jersey

Stuart J. Vogelsmeier
Lashly & Baer, P.C.
St. Louis, Missouri

Bruce D. Vosburg
Fitzgerald, Schorr, Barmettler & Brennan, P.C., L.L.O.
Omaha, Nebraska

David J. Washburn
Andrews Kurth LLP
Dallas, Texas

Stephen M. Wilson
Phelps Dunbar LLP
Jackson, Mississippi