International Tax

Other Transfers Under Section 367 (Portfolio 920)

This Portfolio examines the rules that apply to various forms of foreign corporate or partnership formations or restructurings under §367 and under related provisions such as §6038B.

Description

Bloomberg Tax Portfolio, Other Transfers Subject to Section 367 (Portfolio 920), and its companion, 919-3rd T.M., U.S.-to-Foreign Transfers Under Section 367(a), examine the rules that apply to various forms of foreign corporate or partnership formations or restructurings under §367 and under related provisions such as §6038B. These rules sometimes require the recognition of gain with respect to transactions that otherwise generally could have qualified for nonrecognition of gain under provisions such as §332, §351, §354, §361 or §721.

The objectives of this portfolio and its companion are to describe the intent and operation of §367 and related provisions, and to highlight various planning techniques used by taxpayers to cope with the rules in the context of particular types of transactions.

Bloomberg Tax & Accounting subscribers can access the full Portfolio Other Transfers Subject to Section 367 (Portfolio 920). If you’re not a subscriber, learn more or to see our premier tax research platform for yourself, request a demo.

DETAILED ANALYSIS —

I. Introduction

II. Section 367(b) Transactions

A. Background Summary

B. Domestication Transactions Under §367(b)

1. Policy and General Operation of §367(b) as Applied to Domestication Transactions

2. Requirement for Certain Shareholders to Include All E&P Amount in Income

a. In General

b. 10% U.S. Shareholders

c. 10% U.S.-Owned Foreign Corporate Shareholders

d. Gain Recognition if §332 or §354 Not Applicable

3. Recognition of Exchange Gain and Loss on Capital

4. Taxable Exchange Election and Collateral Effects

a. Limits on §367(b) Authority

b. Making of Election and Recognition of Gain

c. Attribute Reduction if Election Is Made

(1) NOL Carryovers

(2) Capital Loss Carryovers

(3) Basis in Assets

5. Treatment of U.S. Persons that Are Not 10% U.S. Shareholders

a. Gain Recognition Regime

b. Election to Include All E&P Amount

c. De Minimis Exception

6. Nonrecognition by Foreign Person that Is Not 10% U.S.-Owned Foreign Corporate Shareholder

7. All E&P Amount and Related Rules

a. Determination of §964 E&P — Differences Between Computation of E&P and Taxable Income Present Planning Opportunities

b. Adjustments to §964 E&P Under §367(b)

(1) Exclusion of §1248(d) Amounts

(2) Other §1248 Limitations

(a) CFC Status

(b) No Gain Limitation

(3) Adjustments Resulting from Property Distributions in Liquidation

(4) Treatment of Deficits in All E&P Amount

(5) No “Nimble” Dividend Inclusion from Current E&P

c. Attribution of the All E&P Amount to Stock

(1) Limitation Based on Foreign Shareholder Holding Period

(2) Limitation Based on Tacking of Foreign Shareholder Holding Period

(3) Exclusion of Lower Tier E&P

(4) Allocating E&P for Change of Ownership

d. NOL and Capital Loss Carryovers to Domestic Corporation

e. E&P Carryovers to Domestic Corporation

f. Domesticating Divisive “D” Reorganization

8. Certain “Deemed” Domestication Transactions

a. Corporate Migrations and Other §368(a)(1)(F) Reorganizations

b. Reclassification of Foreign Entity as Partnership or Disregarded Entity

c. Domestication Election Under §1504(d)

d. Obtaining Stapled Entity Status

e. Domestication Election Under §953(d)

f. Other Deemed Domestications

9. Avoiding Domestication Transaction Treatment

C. Outbound and Foreign-to-Foreign Exchanges Under §367(b)

1. Loss of Status as §1248 Shareholder

a. Definition of §1248 Shareholder

b. Section 1248 Shareholder Status Immediately Before the Exchange

(1) Exchanging Shareholder Is U.S. Person

(2) Exchanging Shareholder Is Foreign Corporation

(3) Other Exchanging Shareholders

c. Section 1248 Shareholder Status Immediately After the Exchange

(1) Status With Respect to Issuer of Stock

(2) Status With Respect to Acquiring Corporation

(3) Status With Respect to Acquired Corporation

(4) Treatment if §1248 Shareholder Goes Out of Existence

d. Special Treatment of Transfer in Exchange for Domestic Stock

(1) Domestic Stock Under the Prior Regulations

(2) Domestic Stock Under the 1991 Proposed Regulations

(3) Domestic Stock Under the 2000 Final Regulations

(4) Domestic Stock Under the 2006 Final Regulations

(5) “Killer B” and Variations — Triangular Reorganizations

e. Consequences of Loss of §1248 Shareholder Status

2. Excessive Potential Shifting of E&P

a. Whether Shifting Is Within or Outside of Affiliated Group

b. Potential Effect on §902 Credit

c. Insufficient Business Risk

(1) Receipt of Preferred Stock

(2) Receipt of Tracking Stock

(3) Special Rule for Pre-Exchange or Post-Exchange Recapitalization

d. Consequences of Excessive Potential Shifting of E&P

3. Consequences of Loss of §1248 Shareholder Status or Excessive Potential Shifting of E&P

a. Consequences if Exchanging Shareholder Is U.S. Person

b. Consequences if Exchanging Shareholder Is Foreign Corporation

(1) Foreign Corporate Shareholders Under the 2000 Final Regulations

(2) Foreign Corporate Shareholders Under the Prior Regulations

(a) General Rule

(b) Special Rule If In-House Domestic Stock Is Received

c. Consequences if Exchanging Shareholder Is Foreign Partnership, Trust or Estate

d. Determination of the §1248 Amount

4. Post-Exchange E&P Computations

a. Post-Exchange E&P Adjustments for Exchanging Shareholder

b. Post-Exchange E&P Adjustments for Acquiring Foreign Corporation

c. Replacement by Cross-Reference to 2007 §1248 Regulations

5. Shareholder E&P Accounts (Attribution) Under the Prior §367(b) Regulations

6. E&P and Other Adjustments Under the §367(b) E&P Regulations

a. Acquiring Foreign Corporation Is a “Pooling Corporation”

(1) E&P and Taxes in Look-Through Pools

(2) E&P and Taxes in Pre-Pooling Annual Layers

(3) E&P and Taxes in Non-Look-Through Pools Under 2000 Proposed E&P Regulations

(4) Hovering Deficit

(a) Hovering Deficit that Would Go into Look-Through Pool

(b) Hovering Deficit that Would Go into Pre-Pooling Annual Layer

(i) Separate Year Deficit but No Aggregate Deficit

(ii) Aggregate Deficit in Pre-1987 Accumulated Profits

(iii) Treatment of Pre-1987 §960 E&P and Taxes

(d) Special Exceptions to Hovering Deficit Rules

(i) “F” Reorganizations and Similar Transactions

(ii) No Anti-Abuse Rule

(5) Post-Transaction Ordering and Absorption Rules

b. Acquiring Foreign Corporation Is a “Non-Pooling Corporation”

(1) E&P and Taxes in Pre-Pooling Annual Layers

(2) Hovering Deficit

(a) Hovering Deficit that Would Go into Pre-Pooling Annual Layer

(i) Separate Year Deficit but No Aggregate Deficit

(ii) Aggregate Deficit in Pre-1987 Accumulated Profits

(iii) Treatment of Pre-1987 §960 E&P and Taxes

(b) Special Exceptions to Hovering Deficit Rules

(i) “F” Reorganizations and Similar Transactions

(ii) No Anti-Abuse Rule

(3) Post-Transaction Ordering and Absorption Rules

c. Acquiring “Non-Look-Through 10-50 Corporation” Under 2000 Proposed E&P Regulations

(1) E&P and Taxes in Non-Look-Through Pools

(2) E&P and Taxes in Pre-Pooling Annual Layers

(3) Hovering Deficit

(a) Hovering Deficit that Would Go into Non-Look-Through Pool

(b) Hovering Deficit that Would Go into Pre-Pooling Annual Layer

(i) Separate Year Deficit But No Aggregate Deficit

(ii) Aggregate Deficit in Pre-1987 Accumulated Profits

(iii) Treatment of Pre-1987 §960 E&P and Taxes

(i) “F” Reorganizations and Newco Transactions

(ii) Anti-Abuse Rule

(4) Post-Transaction Ordering and Absorption Rules

D. Section 355 Exchanges Under §367(b)

1. Distribution by a Domestic Corporation

a. Application of §367(e)(1) and §1248(f)

b. Application of §367(b)

(1) Gain Recognition on Distributions to Individuals but Not to Corporations

(2) Determination Whether Distributee Is Not an Individual

(a) Distributing that Is Publicly Traded

(i) Definition of Qualified Exchange or Other Market

(ii) Five Percent Shareholders

(iii) Less-Than-Five Percent Shareholders

(b) Distributing that Is Not Publicly Traded

c. Avoidance of Gain Recognition Rule

(1) Non-Pro Rata Split-Offs

(2) Pre-Distribution Drop-Downs

(3) Distribution of Less Appreciated Business

2. Distribution by a Foreign Corporation

a. Pro Rata Distribution

(1) Preservation of Potential Application of §1248

(2) Collateral Basis Increase

b. Non-Pro Rata Distribution

(1) Preservation of Potential Application of §1248

(2) No Taxable Distribution Election

(3) Collateral Basis Increase

c. Determination of the Pre-Distribution and Post-Distribution Amounts

(1) Pre-Distribution Amount

(2) Post-Distribution Amount

d. Treatment of Divisive Reorganizations

3. E&P and Other Adjustments Under the 2000 Proposed E&P Regulations

a. Distributing’s E&P

(1) Adjustments to Amount of Distributing’s E&P

(a) E&P Increase Arising from Gain or Income

(b) Distributing’s E&P Reductions Arising from Distribution

(i) Distribution that Is Not Pursuant to Reorganization

(ii) Distribution that Is Pursuant to Reorganization

(iii) Deficits

(iv) Effectively Connected E&P

(2) Character of Distributing’s E&P Reductions

(3) Related Foreign Income Taxes

b. Controlled’s E&P

(1) Adjustments to Amount of Controlled’s E&P

(2) Character of Controlled’s E&P Adjustments

(3) Related Foreign Income Taxes

c. Domesticating Divisive “D” Reorganization

E. Special Rules for Deemed Dividends

F. Notice Requirement Under the §367(b) Regulations

1. Requirement to File Notice

a. Domestication with Requirement to Include All E&P Amount

b. Domestication with Election to Include All E&P Amount

c. Outbound or Foreign-to-Foreign Exchange with §1248 Shareholder

d. Section 355 Distribution with §1248 Shareholder

e. Corporations Affected by E&P Regulations

2. Procedure for Filing of Notice

a. Exchanging Shareholder Is U.S. Person

b. Exchanging Shareholder Is Foreign Corporation

3. Contents of Notice

a. Exchange Statement

b. Description of Exchange

c. Description of Consideration Received

d. Statement of Income and Adjustments

e. Information Under Subchapter C

f. Information Such as Under IRS Form 5471

g. Statement of Election to Include All E&P Amount

4. Supplemental Guidance

5. Effect of Failure to File Notice

G. Other Special Rules Under the §367(b) Regulations

1. Prohibition of Loss Recognition and Income Nonrecognition

2. Flow-Through and Disregarded Entities

3. Capital Translation and Deemed PTI Distribution

4. Dollar Translation Cap on Dividends Received Deduction

III. Section 367(d) Transactions

A. Background of §367(d)

1. The 1968 Guidelines

2. Enactment of §367(d)

3. Issuance of the 1986 Regulations

4. 1986 Enactment of the Commensurate-With-Income Requirement

5. Post-1986 §482 Guidance

6. The 1997 Removal of the U.S.-Source Rule

7. The 2004 Addition of Royalty Basket Treatment

8. Final Regulations Under §367(a) and §367(d)

9. The 2017 Changes to the Definition and Valuation of Intangible Property for Outbound Transfers

a. Definition of Intangible Property

b. Valuation of Intangible Property

B. Section 367(d) Transfers Under the Regulations

1. Scope of §367(d)

a. Intangible Property Within the Scope of §367(d)

(1) The §367(d) (Former §936) List and §482 Interpretations

(2) Special Treatment of Foreign Goodwill and Going Concern Value

(3) Manufacturing Versus Marketing Intangibles

(4) The “Property” Limitation

(5) The “Copyrights, Etc.” Limitation

(6) Exclusion of Mineral Interests

b. Outbound §351 or §361 Transfer

(1) Non-Application to Actual Sales and Licenses

(2) Non-Application Even to Royalty-Free Licenses

(3) Application to “Sham” Sales and Licenses

(4) Reconciling the Du Pont Case

(5) Clarifications to the Ownership of Intangibles Under the 2006 §482 Regulations

(6) Avoiding §367(d) Through Foreign Ownership Arrangements

c. Interaction with §367(a) and §904(f)

(1) General Priority of §367(d)

(2) Priority of Loss Recapture Rules

(a) Crediting of Loss Recapture Amount

(b) Determination of Recapture Amount

d. Special Rules for Partnerships, Trusts and Estates

e. Indirect Transfer Rules

(1) Application of the §367(a) Indirect Stock Transfer Rules

(2) Special Anti-Abuse §367(d) Rule for Outbound Stock Transfer

2. Deemed Annual Payments

a. Amount

(1) Contingent on Productivity, Etc.

(2) Periodic Adjustments

(3) Reporting Requirement

b. Timing

(1) Last Day of Year Rule

(2) Estimated Tax Ramifications

(3) Blocked Income

c. Duration

(1) Useful Life of Intangible Property

(2) Limitation of Twenty Years

(3) Dispositions

d. Character

(1) Treatment as Ordinary Income

(2) Relationship to §1249

e. Source and §904 Limitation

(1) Source

(2) Section 904 Limitation Category (“Basket”)

(3) Allocation of Foreign Taxes Under §904

f. Prepayment and Qualified Successors

(1) Inclusion by U.S. Transferor

(2) Inclusion by Qualified Successors

(3) Example

3. Reductions for Actual Payments

a. Payments to Unrelated Parties

b. Section 482 Setoffs Distinguished

4. Establishment of Account Receivable

a. Disparity Between Deemed and Actual Payments

b. Reconciling the Disparity

5. Dispositions and Acceleration Events

a. Dispositions of Intangible Property

(1) Property Transfer to Unrelated Person

(2) Property Transfer to Related Person

b. Dispositions of Stock of Transferee

(1) Stock Transfer to Unrelated Person

(2) Stock Transfer to Related Person

(3) Consequences if Transferor Goes Out of Existence

6. Effect on Foreign Corporation

a. Reduction of E&P

b. Reduction of Subpart F Income

c. Timing of Reduction

d. Basis Effects

7. Deemed Sale Election

a. Transfers Eligible for Deemed Sale Election

(1) Transfer of Operating Intangibles

(2) Compulsory Transfer

(3) Formation of Joint Venture

(a) In Connection with Formation

(b) U.S. Transferor’s Ownership Percentage

(d) Intangible Property Percentage of Assets

(e) Use of Intangible Property

b. Amount and Treatment of Gain

c. Election Procedure

IV. Section 367(e) Transactions

A. Outbound §355 Distributions Under §367(e)(1)

1. Background of §367(e)(1) and Regulations

a. Missing the Mark in §367(a)(1)

b. 1986 Amendments to Reach Outbound §355 Distributions

c. Promulgation of Regulations

2. Section 367(e)(1) Transactions Under the Regulations

a. The §367 Principle of Preserving U.S. Tax Jurisdiction Over Gain

b. Section 355 Distribution of Controlled that Is Domestic

(1) Policy for Nonrecognition of Gain on Domestic Controlled

(2) Anti-Bailout Policy Under Predecessor Regulations

c. Section 355 Distribution of Controlled that Is Foreign

(1) Policy for Gain Recognition on Foreign Controlled

(2) Determination Whether Distributee Is Not a “U.S. Person”

(a) Definition of Qualified U.S. Person

(b) Distributing that Is Publicly Traded

(i) Definition of Qualified Exchange or Other Market

(ii) Five Percent Shareholders

(iii) Less-Than-Five Percent Shareholders

(d) Distributee Flow-Through Entities

(i) General Application of Look-Through Approach

(ii) Determining Indirect Owner’s Proportionate Ownership

(iii) Application to Both Foreign and Domestic Distributee Flow-Through Entities

(3) Computation of Gain

(a) Averaging of Basis in Stock or Securities

(b) Purpose of the Basis Averaging Rule

(d) Treatment of the “Disappearing” Basis

(4) No Loss Recognition

(5) Treatment of Distributee

d. Avoidance of §367(e)(1) Gain Recognition

(1) Non-Pro Rata Split-Offs

(2) Pre-Distribution Drop-Downs

(3) Cash-Out Distributions

(4) Distribution of Less Appreciated Business

B. Outbound and Foreign-to-Foreign §332 Liquidations Under §367(e)(2)

1. Background of §367(e)(2) and Regulations

a. Relationship to Other §367 Subsections

(1) Relationship to §367(a)

(2) Relationship to §367(b)

b. Preliminary Guidance in the Notices

c. Promulgation of Regulations

2. Outbound §332 Liquidations Under the Regulations

a. General Rule Under the Regulations: Gain Recognition

b. The USRPI Exception

(1) Definition of USRPI

(2) Exclusion of Former USRPHC Stock

(3) Relationship to U.S. Business Asset Exception

(4) Relationship to FIRPTA Regulations

c. The U.S. Business Asset Exception

(1) U.S. Business Use Requirements

(a) U.S. Business Use by Distributing

(b) U.S. Business Use by the Distributee

(i) Effectively Connected Income Test

(ii) Effect of Treaty PE Protection

(iii) Consequences of Post-Distribution Failure

(2) Distributee Can Be CFC

(3) Intangibles Excluded

(4) Inventory Can Qualify for Exception

(5) Procedural Requirements and GRA

(a) Claim of Exception, Declaration and Certification

(b) Description of Property

(d) Waiver of Treaty Benefits

(e) Extension of Statute of Limitations

(f) Preparation and Filing of Statement

(g) Consequences of Failure to Comply

(h) Gain Recognition Agreement and Related Procedures

(6) Taxable Disposition, GRA Triggers and Other Events

(a) Taxable Dispositions that Do Not Trigger GRA

(b) Cessation of U.S. Use by Distributee

(i) §1031 or §1033 Exchange

(ii) Worthlessness or Obsolescence

(iii) Certain Other Nonrecognition Exchanges

(d) Reporting of Gain on Amended Return of Distributing

(e) Requirement to File Schedule of Cessation-of-Use Property

d. The U.S. Subsidiary Exception

(1) 80% Direct Ownership Requirement

(2) FIRPTA Limitations

(3) Anti-Abuse Rule

(4) GRA Requirement

e. Limitation on the Recognition of Losses

(1) Failure to Qualify for Nonrecognition

(2) Overall Loss Limitations

(3) Limitation on Acquired Losses

(4) Loss Recognition on GRA

(5) Relationship to §336 Rules for Losses

(6) Relationship to §367(a) Loss Disallowance Rule

(7) Relationship to §267

f. Flow-Through Entities

g. Anti-Abuse Rule and the “Dividend Pump” Technique

3. Foreign-to-Foreign §332 Liquidations Under the Regulations

a. General Rule Under the Regulations: Nonrecognition of Gain

b. Distribution of Former or Current U.S. Business Assets

(1) Recognition of Gain on Former U.S. Business Assets

(2) Treatment of Distribution of Current U.S. Business Assets

(a) U.S. Use by the Distributee

(b) No Liquidation from Non-Treaty into Treaty Jurisdiction

c. Anti-Abuse Rule

4. The Treaty Nondiscrimination Issue

a. Nondiscrimination Under the Notices

b. Congress Intervenes

c. Nondiscrimination Under the Regulations

TABLE OF WORKSHEETS

Bruce N. Davis
Partner (Retired)
White & Case LLP

Other Transfers Under Section 367 (Portfolio 920)

Description

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